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Bone morphogenetic protein 2

Bone morphogenetic protein 2

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BMP2
BMP2.png
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases BMP2, BDA2, BMP2A, bone morphogenetic protein 2, SSFSC, SSFSC1
External IDs OMIM: 112261 MGI: 88177 HomoloGene: 926 GeneCards: BMP2
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001200

NM_007553

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001191

NP_031579

Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 6.77 – 6.78 Mb Chr 2: 133.39 – 133.4 Mb
PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins.

Function

BMP-2 like other bone morphogenetic proteins, plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. It is involved in the hedgehog pathway, TGF beta signaling pathway, and in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. It is also involved in cardiac cell differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

Like many other proteins from the BMP family, BMP-2 has been demonstrated to potently induce osteoblast differentiation in a variety of cell types.

BMP-2 may be involved in white adipogenesis and may have metabolic effects.

Interactions

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 has been shown to interact with BMPR1A.

Clinical use and complications

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is shown to stimulate the production of bone.Recombinant human protein (rhBMP-2) is currently available for orthopaedic usage in the United States. Implantation of BMP-2 is performed using a variety of biomaterial carriers ("metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites") and delivery systems ("hydrogel, microsphere, nanoparticles, and fibers"). While used primarily in orthopedic procedures such as spinal fusion, BMP-2 has also found its way into the field of dentistry.

The use of dual tapered threaded fusion cages and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge obtained and maintained intervertebral spinal fusion, improved clinical outcomes, and reduced pain after anterior lumbar interbody arthrodesis in patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease. As an adjuvant to allograft bone or as a replacement for harvested autograft, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) appear to improve fusion rates after spinal arthrodesis in both animal models and humans, while reducing the donor-site morbidity previously associated with such procedures.

A study published in 2011 noted "reports of frequent and occasionally catastrophic complications associated with use of [BMP-2] in spinal fusion surgeries", with a level of risk far in excess of estimates reported in earlier studies. An additional review by Agrawal and Sinha of BMP-2 and its common delivery systems in early 2016 showed how "problems like ectopic growth, lesser protein delivery, [and] inactivation of the protein" reveal a further need "to modify the available carrier systems as well as explore other biomaterials with desired properties."

Further reading

  • Nickel J, Dreyer MK, Kirsch T, Sebald W (2001). "The crystal structure of the BMP-2:BMPR-IA complex and the generation of BMP-2 antagonists". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 83-A Suppl 1 (Pt 1): S7–14. PMID 11263668.
  • Kawamura C, Kizaki M, Ikeda Y (2002). "Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 induces apoptosis in human myeloma cells". Leuk. Lymphoma. 43 (3): 635–9. doi:10.1080/10428190290012182. PMID 12002771. S2CID 42810021.
  • Marie PJ, Debiais F, Haÿ E (2002). "Regulation of human cranial osteoblast phenotype by FGF-2, FGFR-2 and BMP-2 signaling". Histol. Histopathol. 17 (3): 877–85. doi:10.14670/HH-17.877. PMID 12168799.

External links


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