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Ionotropic glutamate receptor
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Ionotropic glutamate receptor

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Lig_chan
PDB 1s50 EBI.jpg
x-ray structure of the glur6 ligand binding core (s1s2a) in complex with glutamate at 1.65 a resolution
Identifiers
Symbol Lig_chan
Pfam PF00060
Pfam clan CL0030
InterPro IPR001320
SCOP2 1gr2 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
TCDB 1.A.10
OPM superfamily 8
OPM protein 3kg2
Available protein structures:
Pfam   structures / ECOD  
PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum structure summary

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. They mediate the majority of excitatory synaptic transmission throughout the central nervous system and are key players in synaptic plasticity, which is important for learning and memory. iGluRs have been divided into four subtypes on the basis of their ligand binding properties (pharmacology) and sequence similarity: AMPA receptors, kainate receptors, NMDA receptors and delta receptors (see below).

AMPA receptors are the main charge carriers during basal transmission, permitting influx of sodium ions to depolarise the postsynaptic membrane. NMDA receptors are blocked by magnesium ions and therefore only permit ion flux following prior depolarisation. This enables them to act as coincidence detectors for synaptic plasticity. Calcium influx through NMDA receptors leads to persistent modifications in the strength of synaptic transmission.

iGluRs are tetramers (they are formed of four subunits). All subunits have a shared architecture with four domain layers: two extracellular clamshell domains called the N-terminal domain (NTD) and ligand-binding domain (LBD; which binds glutamate), the transmembrane domain (TMD) that forms the ion channel, and an intracellular C-terminal domain (CTD).

Human proteins/genes encoding iGluR subunits

AMPA receptors: GluA1/GRIA1; GluA2/GRIA2; GluA3/GRIA3; GluA4/GRIA4;

delta receptors: GluD1/GRID1; GluD2/GRID2;

kainate receptors: GluK1/GRIK1; GluK2/GRIK2; GluK3/GRIK3; GluK4/GRIK4; GluK5/GRIK5;

NMDA receptors: GluN1/GRIN1; GluN2A/GRIN2A; GluN2B/GRIN2B; GluN2C/GRIN2C; GluN2D/GRIN2D; GluN3A/GRIN3A; GluN3B/GRIN3B;

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR001320



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