This is a list of alcoholic drinks. An alcoholic drink is a drink that contains ethanol, commonly known as alcohol. Alcoholic drinks are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and distilled beverages. They are legally consumed in most countries, and over one hundred countries have laws regulating their production, sale, and consumption. In particular, such laws specify the minimum age at which a person may legally buy or drink them. This minimum age varies between 15 and 21 years, depending upon the country and the type of drink. Most nations set it at 18 years of age.
Drinks by raw material
The names of some alcoholic drinks are determined by their raw material.
| Grains | Name of fermented beverage | Name of distilled beverage |
|---|---|---|
| Barley | beer, barley wine | gin, Scotch whisky, Irish whiskey, jenever (Central Europe), ginebra (Spain, Argentina, Philippines), shōchū (mugijōchū) (Japan), soju (Korea), baijiu (China) |
| Buckwheat | buckwheat whisky (Brittany), shōchū (sobajōchū) (Japan) | |
| Corn | chicha, corn beer, tesguino | bourbon whiskey, moonshine, also vodka (rare) |
| Millet | millet beer (Sub-Saharan Africa), tongba (Nepal), boza (the Balkans, Turkey) | |
| Rice | beer, brem (Indonesia), ruou gao (Vietnam), tuak (Borneo Island), sato (Thailand), huangjiu and choujiu (China), sake (Japan), makgeolli and cheongju (Korea), sonti, handia, and chuak (India), thwon (Nepal) | aila (Nepal), rice baijiu (China), shōchū (komejōchū) and awamori (Japan), soju (Korea), hkaung rai (Myanmar), arrack (Indonesia), lao khao (Thailand) |
| Rye | rye beer, kvass | rye whiskey, vodka (Russia), korn (Germany) |
| Sorghum | burukutu (Nigeria), pito (Ghana), merisa (southern Sudan), bilibili (Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon) | Maotai, Kaoliang liquor, certain other types of baijiu (China). |
| Wheat | wheat beer | horilka (Ukraine), vodka, wheat whiskey, weizenkorn (Germany), soju (Korea) |
| Fruit juice | Name of fermented beverage | Name of distilled beverage |
| Apples | cider (U.S.: "hard cider"), apfelwein | jabukovača (Serbia), applejack (or apple brandy), calvados, cider |
| Apricots | kajsijevača (Serbia), kaisieva rakia (Bulgaria), pálinka (Hungary) | |
| Bananas or plantains | chuoi hot (Vietnam), cauim (Kuna Indians of Panama), urgwagwa (Uganda, Rwanda), mbege (with millet malt; Tanzania), kasikisi (with sorghum malt; Democratic Republic of the Congo) | majmunovača (Balkans) |
| Blueberries | borovnica (Croatia) | |
| Cashews | feni (India) | |
| Cherries | cherry wine (Denmark) | Kirsch (Germany, Switzerland) |
| Coconuts or palm | palm wine | arrack, lambanog (Sri Lanka, India, Philippines) |
| Gouqi | gouqi jiu (China) | gouqi jiu (China) |
| Ginger with sugar, ginger with raisins | ginger ale, ginger beer, ginger wine | |
| Grapes | wine | brandy, cognac (France), vermouth, armagnac (France), branntwein (Germany), pisco (Peru, Chile, Grozdova), rakija (The Balkans, Turkey), singani (Bolivia), arak (Syria, Lebanon, Jordan), törkölypálinka (Hungary), zivania (Cyprus) |
| Juniper berries | jenever (Netherlands/Belgium), borovička (Slovakia) | |
| Mulberries | oghi (Armenia) | |
| Myrica rubra | yangmei jiu (China) | yangmei jiu (China) |
| Pears | perry, or pear cider; poiré (France) | kruškovac (Croatia), viljamovka (Serbia), Poire Williams, pear brandy, eau-de-vie (France), pálinka (Hungary), krushova rakia / krushevitsa (Bulgaria) |
| Pineapples | tepache (Mexico), Pineapple Wine (Hawaii) | |
| Plums | plum wine, plum jerkum | šljivovica (Balkans and Central Europe), slivovitz, țuică, umeshu (Japan), pálinka, slivova rakia / slivovitsa (Bulgaria) |
| Pomace | pomace wine | raki/ouzo/pastis/sambuca (Turkey/Greece/France/Italy), tsipouro/tsikoudia (Greece), grappa (Italy/Argentina/Uruguay), trester (Germany), marc (France), orujo (Spain), zivania (Cyprus), bagaço (Portugal), tescovină (Romania), arak (Iran) |
| Pomegranates | pomegranate wine (Armenia) | |
| Quinces | dunjevača (Serbia) | |
| Raspberries | raspberry wine (US, Canada) | Himbeergeist (Germany, Switzerland) |
| Sausage tree fruit | muratina wine (Kenya) | |
| Flowers | Name of fermented beverage | Name of distilled beverage |
| Madhuca longifolia | mahudo and mahuda no daru (Gujarat), mahuva ki sharaab, madhvi, and tharra (Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh) | |
| Vegetables | Name of fermented beverage | Name of distilled beverage |
| Agave juice | pulque | tequila, mezcal, raicilla |
| Cassava |
|
tiquira (Brazil) |
| Ginger root juice | ginger beer (Botswana) | |
| Potato | potato beer | horilka (Ukraine), vodka (Poland), Kartoffelschnaps (Germany), akvavit (Scandinavia), poitín (poteen) (Ireland), tuzemák (Czech Republic), brennivín (Iceland) |
| Sugarcane juice, or molasses | basi, betsa-betsa (regional) | rum (Caribbean), rhum agricole (Haiti, Martinique, Guadeloupe and the rest of the French Caribbean), clairin (Haiti), cachaça (Brazil), desi daru (India), aguardiente de caña (Spain), aguardiente, guaro, lavagallo, pinga (Venezuela, Colombia, Nicaragua), mamajuana (Dominican Republic), gongo and konyagi (Tanzania), cocoroco (Bolivia), caña (Argentina, Uruguay), espinillar (Uruguay), caña blanca (Paraguay), ginebra (Philippines) |
| Sweet potato | shōchū (imojōchū) (Japan), soju (Korea) | |
| Ti root | okolehao (Hawai'i) | |
| Other raw materials | Name of fermented beverage | Name of distilled beverage |
| Sap of palm | coyol wine (Central America), tembo (Sub-Saharan Africa), toddy (Indian subcontinent), namtanmao (Thailand) | |
| Sap of Arenga pinnata, coconut, Borassus flabellifer | palm wine, tubâ (Philippines), namtanmao (Thailand) | arrack, lambanog (Philippines) |
| Honey | mead, horilka (Ukraine), sima (Finland), tej (Ethiopia) | medica (Croatia), distilled mead, honey-flavored liqueur |
| Milk | kumis, kefir, blaand | arkhi (Mongolia) |
| Sugar | fermented water, kilju (Finland) | shōchū (kokutō shōchū): made from brown sugar (Japan) or rum |
| Walnuts | orahovac (Croatia, Serbia) |
Alcoholic fermented drinks
Founders Old Curmudgeon old ale
A hard cider produced in Michigan, U.S.
Palm wine is collected, fermented and stored in calabashes in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Desi daru from India
-
Beer
-
Ale
- Barleywine
- Bitter ale
- Brown ale
- Cask ale
- Mild ale
- Old ale
- Pale ale
-
Porter (dark beer made from brown malt)
- Stout (strong Porter)
- Stock ale
- Fruit beer
-
Lager
-
Pale lager (also "dry beer", made with a slow acting yeast that ferments at a low temperature while being stored)
- Bock (strong lager)
- Maerzen/Oktoberfest Beer
- Pilsener (lighter lager brewed with partially malted barley)
- Schwarzbier (dark lager)
-
Pale lager (also "dry beer", made with a slow acting yeast that ferments at a low temperature while being stored)
- Sahti (Finnish)
- Small beer (very low alcohol)
-
Wheat beer (or "Hefeweizen", made with wheat in addition to malted barley)
- Witbier ("White Beer", made with herbs or fruit instead of or in addition to hops)
-
Ale
- Cauim (made from cassava or maize)
- Cheongju (Korean, made from rice)
- Chicha (made from cassava, maize root, grape, apple or other fruits)
-
Cider (made from apple juice or other fruit juice)
- Perry (made from pears)
- Plum jerkum (made from plums)
- Desi daru (made by fermenting molasses or high sugar containing fruits)
-
Fermented water (made from sugar)
- Kilju (Finnish)
- Huangjiu (made from rice, millet, or wheat using a special starter culture of yeast, mold, and bacteria)
- Icariine liquor
- Kasiri (made from cassava)
- Kumis (Central Asia, traditionally made from horse milk but now primarily cow milk)
- Makgeolli (Korean, made from rice)
- Mead (made from honey)
- Nihamanchi (South America) a.k.a. nijimanche (Ecuador and Peru) (made from cassava)
- Palm wine (made from the sap of various palm trees)
- Parakari (made from cassava)
- Pulque (originally made by the natives of Mexico, made from the sap of the maguey plant)
- Sake (made from (polished) rice)
- Sakurá (made from cassava)
- Sato
- Sonti
- Tapuy (Philippines, made from glutinous rice)
- Tepache
- Tiswin (made from corn or saguaro, a large cactus)
- Tonto
- Wine
Distilled beverages
Various views of a bottle of mezcal. The "worm", which is actually the larval form of the moth Hypopta agavis that lives on the agave plant, can be seen in the middle image, at the bottom of the bottle.
Various bottles and containers of Russian vodka
Definition
A distilled beverage, spirit drink, or liquor is an alcoholic drink containing ethanol that is produced by distillation (i.e., concentrating by distillation) of ethanol produced by means of fermenting grains, fruits, botanicals, vegetables, seeds, or roots.Vodka, gin, baijiu, shōchū, soju, tequila, rum, whisky, brandy, and singani are examples of distilled drinks. Beer, wine, cider, sake, and huangjiu are examples of fermented drinks.
Hard liquor is used in North America, and India, to distinguish distilled drinks from undistilled ones, and to suggest that undistilled are implicitly weaker.
List of known liquors
The following are liquors being produced around the world (by type, then alphabetically):
Cane sugar/sugar beet/honey distillations
- Arrack
- Cachaça
- Horilka a.k.a. Samohon
- Rum
- Rhum agricole (from French Caribbean islands)
Fruit distillations
- Apple distillations
-
Fruit brandy distillations
- Pálenka - Slivovice, Hruškovice, Bezovice,....
- Borovička - Juniper
- Calvados
- Lambig
- Eau-de-vie (French origin)
- Kirsch
- Rakia
- Schnapps - fruit brandy
- Medronho
- Grape/wine distillations
-
Pear distillations
-
Poire Williams
- Williamine - brand of Poire Williams made from Williamine pears
-
Poire Williams
- Plum distillations
- Raspberry distillations
Grain-based distillations
-
Barley distillations
- Gin
- ManX Spirit (United kingdom)
- London dry gin
-
Whisky
- Irish whiskey
- Japanese whisky
- Scotch whisky a.k.a. Scottish whiskey, scotch
-
Corn distillations
-
American Whiskey
- Bourbon whiskey a.k.a. Kentucky whiskey, bourbon (United States)
- Tennessee whiskey
- Texas whiskey
- Canadian whisky
-
American Whiskey
- Quinoa distillations
- Oat distillations
-
Malt distillations
- Jenever a.k.a. Genever
-
Gin
- Damson gin
- Sloe gin (England)
- Rice distillations
-
Rye distillations
- Horilka a.k.a. Samohon
- Rye Whiskey
-
Sorghum distillations
-
Baijiu a.k.a. Shaojiu (China)
- Maotai a.k.a. Moutai
- Kaoliang liquor a.k.a. Gaoling liquor, sorghum liquor
-
Baijiu a.k.a. Shaojiu (China)
- Wheat distillations
- Unspecified/multiple grain distillations
Herbal distillations
Plant-based distillations
Seed or botanical distillations
Where the seed or botanical is the dominant flavorant:
Tree distillations
-
Palm tree distillations
- Ogogoro (Nigeria)
-
Birch tree distillations
- Freya Birch Spirit (Norway)
Vegetable distillations
Complex or multiple distillations
Liqueur
See also
- Alcoholic coffee drink
- List of cocktails
- List of coffee beverages
- List of national drinks
- List of national liquors
- List of tequilas
- List of U.S. state beverages
- List of vodkas
- List of whisky brands
