Paul Martin Sr.

The Right Honourable Paul Martin PC CC QC
Secretary of State for External Affairs
In office April 22, 1963 – April 19, 1968
Prime Minister	Lester Pearson
Preceded by	Howard Charles Green
Succeeded by	Mitchell Sharp
Member of the Canadian Parliament for Essex East
In office October 14, 1935 – April 19, 1968
Preceded by	Raymond Morand
Succeeded by	Riding abolished
Senator for Windsor-Walkerville, Ontario
In office April 20, 1968 – October 30, 1974
Appointed by	Pierre Trudeau
Personal details
Born	Joseph James Guillaume Paul Martin (1903-06-23)June 23, 1903 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Died	September 14, 1992(1992-09-14) (aged 89) Windsor, Ontario, Canada
Political party	Liberal
Spouse	Eleanor Alice "Nelly" Adams ​ ​ (m. 1937)​
Children	2, including Paul Martin
Alma mater	University of Toronto Osgoode Hall Law School Graduate Institute of International Studies
Occupation	Diplomat, lecturer, barrister, lawyer

Joseph James Guillaume Paul MartinPC CC QC (June 23, 1903 – September 14, 1992), often referred to as Paul Martin Sr., was a noted Canadian politician and diplomat. He was the father of Paul Martin, who served as 21st prime minister of Canada from 2003 to 2006.

Early life

Martin was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of Lumina (née Chouinard) and Joseph Philippe Ernest Martin. His Irish Catholic paternal grandfather's family immigrated from County Mayo, and his mother and paternal grandmother were French Canadian with deep roots in the country.

Martin contracted polio in 1907, which left him permanently blind in one eye and with a severely weakened left arm.

Martin was raised in Pembroke, Ontario, in the Ottawa River Valley, although he attended high school at Collège Saint-Alexandre in Gatineau, Quebec. He completed his university education at the University of Toronto, and earned his law degree from Osgoode Hall Law School. Later, Martin studied at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, on a scholarship.

Martin later opened a law practice in Windsor, Ontario.

Politics

Member of Parliament

A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, he was first elected to the House of Commons in 1935 and entered the cabinet in 1945. He went on to serve as a noted member of the cabinets of four Prime Ministers: William Lyon Mackenzie King, Louis St. Laurent, Lester B. Pearson and Pierre Trudeau.

Martin was viewed as one of the most left-wing members of the Liberal cabinet, and as Minister of National Health and Welfare from 1946 to 1957 he played an important role in the fight against polio and overseeing the creation of hospital insurance in Canada, and is sometimes recognized as a father of medicare. Martin served as Secretary of State for External Affairs in the Pearson government, and was instrumental in the acquisition of U.S. nuclear weapons for Canadian Forces.

Hon. Paul Martin (left) and Rt. Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King attending the opening session of the United Nations General Assembly, 23 October 1946

Liberal leadership bids

He ran for the Liberal leadership three times, in 1948, in 1958 and 1968, but was defeated at all three Liberal leadership conventions, first by Louis St. Laurent, then by Lester B. Pearson, then by Pierre Trudeau.

Senator and beyond

Trudeau appointed him to the Senate in 1968. He served as Leader of the Government in the Senate until 1974 when he was appointed High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. He also served as Chancellor of Wilfrid Laurier University from 1972 to 1977, as a result of which the university named the Paul Martin Centre in his honour. Until his death Paul Martin was an Adjunct Professor of Political Science at the University of Windsor.

His two volume memoirs, A Very Public Life, was published in 1983 (ISBN 0888790929) and 1986 (OCLC 165756245 A very public life: So many worlds Volume 2 of A very public life at Google Books).

Honours

In 1976 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. In recognition of his accomplishments, Martin was granted the right to use the honorific Right Honourable in 1992, a rare honour for one who has never been Prime Minister, Governor-General or Chief Justice of Canada. He died on September 14, at the age of eighty-nine.

The University of Windsor has a Paul Martin Chair in law and political science, recently held by former Manitoba Premier Howard Pawley (until his retirement from the university), and the Paul Martin Law Library. The City of Windsor had also renamed their "Post Office Building" the Paul Martin Sr. Building in his honour on November 18, 1994.

Honorary Degrees

Location	Date	School	Degree	Gave Commencement Address
Nova Scotia	1950	Dalhousie University	Doctor of Laws (LL.D)
Ontario	1952	University of Toronto	Doctor of Laws (LL.D)
Ontario	Spring 1954	University of Windsor	Doctor of Laws (LL.D)
Ontario	22 October 1954	University of Western Ontario	Doctor of Civil Law (DCL)
British Columbia	2 June 1966	University of British Columbia	Doctor of Laws (LL.D)
Ontario	May 1967	Waterloo Lutheran University	Doctor of Laws (LL.D)
Ontario	1983	Law Society of Upper Canada	Doctor of Laws (LL.D)
Ontario	June 2017	Algonquin College		Awarded Posthumously commencement address delivered by his son Paul Martin Jr.

Electoral record

Essex East

Archives

There is a Paul Joseph Martin fonds at Library and Archives Canada.

See also

• Vive le Québec libre speech
• Paul Martin

Further reading

• Donaghy, Greg. Grit: The Life and Politics of Paul Martin Sr. (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2015). Pp. 480

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paul Joseph James Martin.

• Paul Martin Sr. – Parliament of Canada biography
• Order of Canada citation
• A retiring Paul Martin gives a CBC Interview