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Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes
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    Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes

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    The phylogenetic classification of bony fishes is a phylogenetic classification of bony fishes and is based on phylogenies inferred using molecular and genomic data for nearly 2000 fishes. The first version was published in 2013 and resolved 66 orders. The latest version (version 4) was published in 2017 and recognised 72 orders and 79 suborders.

    Phylogeny

    The following cladograms show the phylogeny of the Osteichthyes down to order level, with the number of families in parentheses.

    Osteichthyes
    Sarcopterygii
    Actinista

    Coelacanthiformes (1) — coelacanths

    Dipnotetrapodomorpha
    Dipnomorpha

    Ceratodontiformes (3) — lungfishes

    Tetrapodomorpha — tetrapods

    (lobe‑finned fishes)
    Actinopterygii
    Cladistia

    Polypteriformes (1) — bichirs

    Chondrostei

    Acipenseriformes (2) — paddlefishes and sturgeons

    Neopterygii
    Holostei

    Amiiformes (1) — bowfins

    Lepisosteiformes (1) — gars

    Teleostei
    Elopomorpha

    Elopiformes — tenpounders (ladyfishes), tarpons

    Anguilliformes — eels

    Notacanthiformes — halosaurs and deep-sea spiny eels

    Albuliformes — bonefishes

    Osteoglossomorpha

    Hiodontiformes (1) — mooneyes

    Osteoglossiformes (5) — bonytongues, butterflyfishes, elephantfishes, abas

    Otomorpha

    Clupeiformes (5) — herrings (including anchovies, sardines, etc)

    Alepocephali

    Alepocephaliformes (2) — slickheads, tubeshoulders

    Ostariophysi

    Gonorynchiformes (3) — milkfishes, beaked sandfishes, knerias and snake mudheads

    Otophysa

    Cypriniformes (24) — carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives

    Characiformes (23) — characins (including tetras and piranhas)

    Gymnotiformes (5) — Neotropical knifefishes

    Siluriformes (41) — catfishes

    (=Otophysi)
    (=Otocephala)
    Euteleosteomorpha

    Lepidogalaxiiformes (1) — salamanderfishes

    Protacanthopterygii

    Argentiniformes (4) — marine smelts

    Galaxiiformes (1) — galaxids

    Esociformes (2) — pikes, mudminnows

    Salmoniformes (1) — trout, salmon, and whitefish

    Stomiati

    Osmeriformes (4) — freshwater smelts

    Stomiiformes (4) — dragonfishes

    Neoteleostei

    Ateleopodiformes (1) — jellynose fishes

    Eurypterygii
    Cyclosquamata

    Aulopiformes (17) — lizardfishes

    Ctenosquamata

    Myctophiformes (2) — lanternfishes, blackchins

    Acanthomorphata

    spiny-rayed fishes (43 orders, see below)

    (=Acanthomorpha)
    (=Euteleostei)
    (ray‑finned fishes)

    The 43 orders of spiny-rayed fishes are related as follows:

    Acanthomorphata

    Lampriformes (6) — opahs (velifers, opahs, crestfishes, tapertails, ribbonfishes, oarfishes)

    Paracanthopterygii

    Percopsiformes (3) — trout-perches, pirate perches, cavefishes

    Zeiformes (6) — dories

    Stylephoriformes (1) — tube-eyes or thread-tails

    Gadiformes (12) — cods and hakes

    Polymixiipterygii

    Polymixiiformes (1) — beardfishes

    Acanthopterygii

    Trachichthyiformes (5) — roughies

    Beryciformes (8) — alfonsinos, whalefishes, etc

    Holocentriformes (1) — squirrelfishes

    Percomorphaceae
    Ophidiaria

    Ophidiiformes (1) — cusk-eels

    Batrachoidaria

    Batrachoidiformes (1) — toadfishes

    Pelagiaria

    Scombriformes (17) — mackerels

    Syngnatharia

    Syngnathiformes (10) — pipefishes and seahorses

    Gobiaria

    Kurtiformes (2) — nurseryfishes and cardinalfishes

    Gobiiformes (9) — gobies

    Anabantaria

    Synbranchiformes (4) — swamp eels

    Anabantiformes (7) — labyrinth fishes

    Carangaria

    Carangiformes* (5) — jacks

    Istiophoriformes (2) — barracudas, swordfishes and billfishes

    Pleuronectiformes (14) — flatfishes

    incertae sedis (Lactariidae, Menidae, Polynemidae)

    Carangiformes 1 (Nematistiidae, Rachycentridae, Coryphaenidae, Echeneidae)

    incertae sedis (Sphyraenidae)

    incertae sedis (Leptobramidae, Toxotidae)

    Istiophoriformes

    Carangiformes 2 (Carangidae)

    incertae sedis (Centropomidae)

    Pleuronectiformes

    (7 families incertae sedis)
    Ovalentaria
    Cichlomorphae

    Cichliformes (2) — cichlids

    Atherinomorphae

    Beloniformes (5) — needlefishes

    Cyprinodontiformes (10) — killifishes

    Atheriniformes (10) — silversides

    Mugilomorphae

    Mugiliformes (1) — mullets

    Blenniimorphae

    Gobiesociformes (1) — clingfishes

    Blenniiformes (6) — blennies

    (9 families incertae sedis)
    Eupercaria

    Gerreiformes (1) —

    Uranoscopiformes (4) —

    Labriformes (1) — wrasses and relatives

    Ephippiformes (2) —

    Chaetodontiformes (2) — butterflyfishes and ponyfishes

    Acanthuriformes (3) — surgeonfishes and relatives

    Lutjaniformes (2) — snappers and grunts

    Lobotiformes (3) —

    Spariformes (3) — breams and porgies

    Priacanthiformes (2) — bigeyes and bandfishes

    Caproiformes (1) — boarfishes

    Lophiiformes (18) — anglerfishes

    Tetraodontiformes (10) — plectognaths

    Pempheriformes (17) —

    Centrarchiformes (19) —

    Perciformes (61) — perches, mail-cheeked fishes (includes former Scorpaeniformes, Cottiformes, and Trachiniformes)

    (14 families incertae sedis)
    (=Percomorpha)
    (spiny‑rayed fishes)

    External links



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