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AstraZeneca
Ropivacaine
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Ropivacaine

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Ropivacaine
Ropivacaine.png
Ropivacaine ball-and-stick.png
Clinical data
Trade names Naropin, Rocaine
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B1
Routes of
administration		 Parenteral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 87%–98% (epidural)
Metabolism Liver (CYP1A2-mediated)
Elimination half-life 1.6–6 hours (varies with administration route)
Excretion Kidney 86%
Identifiers
  • (S)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-
    1-propylpiperidine-2-carboxamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.128.244
Chemical and physical data
Formula C17H26N2O
Molar mass 274.408 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point 144 to 146 °C (291 to 295 °F)
  • O=C(Nc1c(cccc1C)C)[C@H]2N(CCC)CCCC2
  • InChI=1S/C17H26N2O/c1-4-11-19-12-6-5-10-15(19)17(20)18-16-13(2)8-7-9-14(16)3/h7-9,15H,4-6,10-12H2,1-3H3,(H,18,20)/t15-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:ZKMNUMMKYBVTFN-HNNXBMFYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Ropivacaine (rINN) /roʊˈpɪvəkeɪn/ is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. The name ropivacaine refers to both the racemate and the marketed S-enantiomer. Ropivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the brand name Naropin.

History

Ropivacaine was developed after bupivacaine was noted to be associated with cardiac arrest, particularly in pregnant women. Ropivacaine was found to have less cardiotoxicity than bupivacaine in animal models.

Clinical use

Contraindications

Ropivacaine is contraindicated for intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA). However, new data suggested both ropivacaine (1.2-1.8 mg/kg in 40ml) and levobupivacaine (40 ml of 0.125% solution) can be used, because they have less cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity than racemic bupivacaine.

Adverse effects

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when it is administered correctly. Most ADRs relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or pharmacological effects of anesthesia, however allergic reactions can rarely occur.

Systemic exposure to excessive quantities of ropivacaine mainly result in central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular effects – CNS effects usually occur at lower blood plasma concentrations and additional cardiovascular effects present at higher concentrations, though cardiovascular collapse may also occur with low concentrations. CNS effects may include CNS excitation (nervousness, tingling around the mouth, tinnitus, tremor, dizziness, blurred vision, seizures followed by depression (drowsiness, loss of consciousness), respiratory depression and apnea). Cardiovascular effects include hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, and/or cardiac arrest – some of which may be due to hypoxemia secondary to respiratory depression.

Postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis

Ropivacaine is toxic to cartilage and their intra-articular infusions can lead to Postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis.

Treatment of overdose

As for bupivacaine, Celepid, a commonly available intravenous lipid emulsion, can be effective in treating severe cardiotoxicity secondary to local anaesthetic overdose in animal experiments and in humans in a process called lipid rescue.

External links


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