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Amanita hygroscopica
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    Amanita hygroscopica

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    Amanita hygroscopica
    Scientific classification edit
    Kingdom: Fungi
    Division: Basidiomycota
    Class: Agaricomycetes
    Order: Agaricales
    Family: Amanitaceae
    Genus: Amanita
    Species:
    A. hygroscopica
    Binomial name
    Amanita hygroscopica
    Coker
    Amanita hygroscopica
    View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
    gills on hymenium
    cap is convex or flat
    hymenium is free
    stipe has a ring and volva
    spore print is white
    ecology is mycorrhizal
    edibility: deadly

    Amanita hygroscopia (/æməˈnaɪtə /ha͡ɪɡɹəskˈo͡ʊpi͡ə), also known as the pink-gilled destroying angel is a deadly poisonous fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita. It was first described by William Chambers Coker in 1917.

    Resembling several edible species, most notably Agaricus campestris, poisonings are not uncommon from A. hygroscopica. Amatoxins, the class of toxins found in these mushrooms, are thermostable: they resist changes due to heat, so their toxic effects are not reduced by cooking.

    Description

    The cap is 25 mm wide and hemispheric. The gills are adnate, crowded, medium broad, entire, white, unchanging.

    The stem is about 30 × 5 - 8 mm, narrowing upward, smooth, glabrous, white, unchanging when bruised. The ring is fixed 10 mm from the top of the stem, very short, skirt-like, grooved by the gills above, white, persistent. The bulb is ovoid, white, 20 × 15 mm. The volva is neither appressed nor widely spreading, the edge is either 3-lobed or ragged.

    Edibility

    A. hygroscopica is a deadly poisonous fungus. The mushroom is odorless and tasteless.

    Toxicity

    The principal toxic constituent is α-amanitin, an elective inhibitor of RNA polymerase II and III, which causes liver and kidney failure. 15% of those poisoned will die within 10 days and those who survive are at risk of lifelong, permanent liver damage.

    There is no antidote for amanitin poisoning; treatment is mainly supportive (gastric lavage, activated carbon, fluid resuscitation).

    See also



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