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Armadillo repeat

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Armadillo repeat domain
PDB 3bct EBI.jpg
Structure of the 5armadillo domain of beta-catenin.
Identifiers
Symbol Arm
Pfam PF00514
Pfam clan CL0020
InterPro IPR000225
SMART SM00185
PROSITE PS50176
SCOP2 3bct / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CDD cd00020
Membranome 350
Available protein structures:
Pfam   structures / ECOD  
PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum structure summary

An armadillo repeat is the name of a characteristic, repetitive amino acid sequence of about 42 residues in length that is found in many proteins. Proteins that contain armadillo repeats typically contain several tandemly repeated copies. Each armadillo repeat is composed of a pair of alpha helices that form a hairpin structure. Multiple copies of the repeat form what is known as an alpha solenoid structure.

Examples of proteins that contain armadillo repeats include β-catenin, Sarm1 (SARM1),α-importin,plakoglobin,adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and many others.

The term armadillo derives from the historical name of the β-catenin gene in the fruitfly Drosophila where the armadillo repeat was first discovered. Although β-catenin was previously believed to be a protein involved in linking cadherin cell adhesion proteins to the cytoskeleton, recent work indicates that β-catenin regulates the homodimerization of alpha-catenin, which in turn controls actin branching and bundling. But, the armadillo repeat is found in a wide range of proteins with other functions. This type of protein domain is important in transducing WNT signals during embryonic development.

Structure

The 3-dimensional fold of an armadillo repeat was first observed in the crystal structure of beta-catenin, where the 12 tandem repeats form a superhelix of alpha helices with three helices per unit. The cylindrical structure features a positively charged groove, which presumably interacts with the acidic surfaces of the known interaction partners of beta-catenin.

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