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Deferasirox

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Deferasirox
Deferasirox.svg
Deferasirox ball-and-stick model.png
Clinical data
Pronunciation de FER a sir ox
Trade names Exjade, Jadenu
Other names CGP-72670, ICL-670A, IC L670
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration
By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
  • EU: Rx-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 70%
Protein binding 99%
Metabolism Hepatic glucuronidation
Elimination half-life 8 to 16 hours
Excretion Fecal (84%) and renal (8%)
Identifiers
  • 4-(3,5-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.211.077
Chemical and physical data
Formula C21H15N3O4
Molar mass 373.368 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Density 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)n2nc(nc2c3ccccc3O)c4ccccc4O
  • InChI=1S/C21H15N3O4/c25-17-7-3-1-5-15(17)19-22-20(16-6-2-4-8-18(16)26)24(23-19)14-11-9-13(10-12-14)21(27)28/h1-12,25-26H,(H,27,28) checkY
  • Key:BOFQWVMAQOTZIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Deferasirox, sold under the brand name Exjade & Asunra (in injectable form) & Oleptiss (Tablet formulation) both by Novartis among others, is an oral iron chelator. Its main use is to reduce chronic iron overload in patients who are receiving long-term blood transfusions for conditions such as beta-thalassemia and other chronic anemias. It is the first oral medication approved in the United States for this purpose.

It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2005. According to the FDA (May 2007), kidney failure and cytopenias have been reported in patients receiving deferasirox tablets for oral suspension. It is approved in the European Union by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for children six years and older for chronic iron overload from repeated blood transfusions. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

In July 2020, Teva decided to discontinue deferasirox. It is available as a generic medication.

Properties

Two deferasirox molecules binding iron

The half-life of deferasirox is between 8 and 16 hours allowing once a day dosing. Two molecules of deferasirox are capable of binding to 1 atom of iron which are subsequently eliminated by fecal excretion. Its low molecular weight and high lipophilicity allows the drug to be taken orally unlike deferoxamine which has to be administered by IV route (intravenous infusion). Together with deferiprone, deferasirox seems to be capable of removing iron from cells (cardiac myocytes and hepatocytes) as well as removing iron from the blood.

Synthesis

Deferasirox can be prepared from simple commercially available starting materials (salicylic acid, salicylamide and 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid) in the following two-step synthetic sequence:

Image to be added

The condensation of salicyloyl chloride (formed in situ from salicylic acid and thionyl chloride) with salicylamide under dehydrating reaction conditions results in formation of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3(4H)-benzoxazin-4-one. This intermediate is isolated and reacted with 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid in the presence of base to give 4-(3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid (deferasirox).

Risks

Deferasirox ranked second on the list of drugs most frequently suspected in reported patient deaths compiled for 2019 by the Institute for Safe Medical Practices, with 1320 suspected deaths. A boxed warning was added in the same year with regard to kidney failure, liver failure and gastrointestinal bleeding. It is suspected that the main driver of this spike in suspected deaths relates to the re-analysis of adverse event data by Novartis.

External links

  • "Deferasirox". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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