Fixed-dose procedure

The fixed-dose procedure (FDP), proposed in 1992 by the British Toxicology Society, is a method to assess a substance's acute oral toxicity.

In comparison to the older LD₅₀ test developed in 1927, this procedure produces similar results while using fewer animals and causing less pain and suffering. As a result, in 1992 this test was proposed as an alternative to the LD50 test by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development under OECD Test Guideline 420. However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has begun to approve non-animal alternatives in response to research cruelty concerns and the lack of validity/sensitivity of animal tests as they relate to humans.

See also

• Up-and-down procedure

Further reading

• Whitehead, A.; Curnow, R.N. (April 1992). "Statistical evaluation of the fixed-dose procedure". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 30 (4): 313–324. doi:10.1016/0278-6915(92)90009-a. PMID 1628867.
• Lipnick, R.L.; Cotruvo, J.A.; Hill, R.N.; Bruce, R.D.; Stitzel, K.A.; Walker, A.P.; Chu, I.; Goddard, M.; Segal, L.; Springer, J.A.; Myers, R.C. (March 1995). "Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 33 (3): 223–231. doi:10.1016/0278-6915(94)00136-c. PMID 7896233.
• Yam, J.; Reer, P.J.; Bruce, R.D. (January 1991). "Comparison of the up-and-down method and the fixed-dose procedure for acute oral toxicity testing". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 29 (4): 259–263. doi:10.1016/0278-6915(91)90023-Z. PMID 2040488.
• Stallard, Nigel; Whitehead, Anne (9 April 2019). "A Statistical Evaluation of the Fixed Dose Procedure". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 32 (2_suppl): 13–21. doi:10.1177/026119290403202s05. PMID 15601221. S2CID 46160911.
• Stallard, N.; Whitehead, A. (2 July 2016). "The fixed-dose procedure and the acute-toxic-class method: a mathematical comparison". Human & Experimental Toxicology. 14 (12): 974–990. doi:10.1177/096032719501401206. PMID 8962748. S2CID 78559.
• Stallard, Nigel; Whitehead, Anne; Indans, Ian (2 July 2016). "Statistical evaluation of an acute dermal toxicity test using the dermal fixed dose procedure". Human & Experimental Toxicology. 23 (8): 405–412. doi:10.1191/0960327104ht465oa. PMID 15346722. S2CID 26925263.
• Ellard, GA (November 1999). "The evaluation of rifampicin bioavailabilities of fixed-dose combinations of anti-tuberculosis drugs: procedures for ensuring laboratory proficiency". The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 3 (11 Suppl 3): S322-4, discussion S351-2. PMID 10593711.