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Glasgow Outcome Scale

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Glasgow Outcome Scale

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Glasgow Outcome Scale
Purpose	groups brain injuries by objective degree of recovery

The Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) is a scale of patients with brain injuries, such as cerebral traumas that groups victims by the objective degree of recovery. The first description was in 1975 by Jennett and Bond.

Application

The Glasgow Outcome Score applies to patients with brain damage allowing the objective assessment of their recovery in five categories. This allows a prediction of the long-term course of rehabilitation to return to work and everyday life.

1. Death	Severe injury or death without recovery of consciousness
2. Persistent vegetative state	Severe damage with prolonged state of unresponsiveness and a lack of higher mental functions
3. Severe disability	Severe injury with permanent need for help with daily living
4. Moderate disability	No need for assistance in everyday life, employment is possible but may require special equipment.
5. Low disability	Light damage with minor neurological and psychological deficits.

Expanded scale

The Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) is an expanded version of the scale which helps to evaluate global disability and recovery after traumatic brain injuries. It subdivides the upper three categories:


1. Death
2. Vegetative state
3. Lower severe disability
4. Upper severe disability
5. Lower moderate disability
6. Upper moderate disability – some disability but can potentially return to some form of employment
7. Lower good recovery – minor physical or mental defect
8. Upper good recovery – full recovery

v t e Neuropsychological tests
Battery	Cognistat Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery Luria–Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery Montreal Cognitive Assessment Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status
Arousal/Attention	Continuous performance task D2 Test of Attention Four boxes test Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test Morningness–eveningness questionnaire Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test Posner cueing task Test of everyday attention Test of Variables of Attention
Sensation/Perception	Bender-Gestalt Test Benton Visual Retention Test Dot cancellation test Judgment of Line Orientation Navon figure Rey–Osterrieth complex figure
Memory	1-2-AX working memory task California Verbal Learning Test Corsi block-tapping test Digit symbol substitution test Doors and People MCI Screen Wechsler Memory Scale
Language	Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination Boston Naming Test Comprehensive aphasia test Controlled Oral Word Association Test Thurstone Word Fluency Test
Motor	Compensatory tracking task Purdue Pegboard Test
Problem-solving	Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System Hayling and Brixton tests Tower of London test Trail Making Test Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Sleep	Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Specific impairments	British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory Clinical Dementia Rating Digit Cancellation Test Disability Rating Scale Florida Cognitive Activities Scale Glasgow Coma Scale Glasgow Outcome Scale Pediatric Attention Disorders Diagnostic Screener Rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire
Intelligence	National Adult Reading Test Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Wechsler Test of Adult Reading
Bed-side	Abbreviated mental test score Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition Mini–mental state examination
Social	Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale
Malingering	Test of Memory Malingering