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Haplogroup S (mtDNA)
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Haplogroup S (mtDNA)

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This article is about the human mtDNA haplogroup. For the human Y-DNA haplogroup, see Haplogroup S-B254.
Haplogroup S
Possible time of origin 64,000-47,000 years ago
Possible place of origin Australia
Ancestor N
Descendants S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6
Defining mutations 8404

In human genetics, Haplogroup S is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup found only among Indigenous Australians. It is a descendant of macrohaplogroup N.

Map of Haplogroup S mtDNA

Origin

Haplogroup S mtDNA evolved within Australia between 64,000 and 40,000 years ago (51 kya).

Distribution

It is found in the Indigenous Australian population. Haplogroup S2 found in Willandra Lakes human remain WLH4 dated back Late Holocene (3,000-500 years ago).

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup S subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research. The TMRCA for haplogroup S is between 49 and 51 KYA according to Nano Nagle's Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation – an increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity publication that published in 2017.

  • S (64-40 kya) in Australia
    • S1 (53-32 kya) in Australia
      • S1a (44-29 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and NSW
      • S1b (37-22 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW
        • S1b1 (30-10 kya) found in NT and QLD
          • S1b1a (24-6 kya) found in QLD
        • S1b2 (17-3 kya) found in QLD
        • S1b3 (20-4 kya) found in QLD and NSW
    • S2 (44-22 kya) in Australia
      • S2a (38-18 kya) found in NT, QLD, NSW and TAS
        • S2a1 (31-12 kya) found in NSW, QLD and TAS
          • S2a1a (19-6 kya) found in NSW and QLD
        • S2a2 (38-11 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW
      • S2b (42-18 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and VIC
        • S2b1(27-9 kya) found in NT, QLD and VIC
        • S2b2 (37-12 kya) found in WA, NT and QLD
    • S3 (17-1 kya) found in NT
    • S4 found in NT
    • S5 found in WA
    • S6 found in NSW

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup S (mtDNA).

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1–6  
L1 L2   L3     L4 L5 L6
M N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT   P   U
HV JT K
H V J T

External links


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