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High jump
Athletics High jump | |
---|---|
World records | |
Men | Javier Sotomayor 2.45 m (8 ft 1⁄4 in) (1993) |
Women | Stefka Kostadinova 2.09 m (6 ft 10+1⁄4 in) (1987) |
Olympic records | |
Men | Charles Austin 2.39 m (7 ft 10 in) (1996) |
Women | Yelena Slesarenko 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) (2004) |
World Championship records | |
Men | Bohdan Bondarenko 2.41 m (7 ft 10+3⁄4 in) (2013) |
Women | Stefka Kostadinova 2.09 m (6 ft 10+1⁄4 in) (1987) |
The high jump is a track and field event in which competitors must jump unaided over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without dislodging it. In its modern, most-practiced format, a bar is placed between two standards with a crash mat for landing. Since ancient times, competitors have introduced increasingly effective techniques to arrive at the current form, and the current universally preferred method is the Fosbury Flop, in which athletes run towards the bar and leap head first with their back to the bar.
The discipline is, alongside the pole vault, one of two vertical clearance events in the Olympic athletics program. It is contested at the World Championships in Athletics and the World Athletics Indoor Championships, and is a common occurrence at track and field meets. The high jump was among the first events deemed acceptable for women, having been held at the 1928 Olympic Games.
Javier Sotomayor (Cuba) is the current world record holder with a jump of 2.45 m (8 ft 1⁄4 in) set in 1993 – the longest-standing record in the history of the men's high jump. Stefka Kostadinova (Bulgaria) has held the women's world record of 2.09 m (6 ft 10+1⁄4 in) since 1987, also the longest-held record in the event.
Rules
The rules set for the high jump by World Athletics (previously named the IAAF) are Technical Rules TR26 and TR27 (previously Rules 181 and 182). Jumpers must take off from one foot. A jump is considered a failure if the jumper dislodges the bar or touches the ground or any object behind the bar before clearance.
Competitors may begin jumping at any height announced by the chief judge, or may pass at their own discretion. Most competitions state that three consecutive missed jumps, at any height or combination of heights, will eliminate the jumper from contention. The victory goes to the jumper who clears the greatest height during the final.
Tie breaking
If two or more jumpers tie for any place, the tie-breakers are: 1) the fewest misses at the height at which the tie occurred; and 2) the fewest misses throughout the competition. If the event remains tied for first place (or a limited-advancement position to a subsequent meet), the jumpers have a jump-off, beginning at the next height above their highest success. Jumpers have one attempt at each height. If only one succeeds, he or she wins; if more than one does, these try with the bar raised; if none does, all try with the bar lowered. This process was followed at the 2015 World Championship men's event.
Competitor | Main competition | Jump-off | Place | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.75m | 1.80m | 1.84m | 1.88m | 1.91m | 1.94m | 1.97m | 1.91m | 1.89m | 1.91m | ||
A | o | xo | o | xo | x | – | xx | x | o | x | 2 |
B | – | xo | – | xo | – | - | xxx | x | o | o | 1 |
C | – | o | xo | xo | – | xxx | x | x | 3 | ||
D | – | xo | xo | xo | xxx | 4 |
In the example jump-off above, the final cleared height is 1.88m, at which A B C and D each have one failure. D has two failures at lower heights compared to one each for the other three, who proceed to a jump-off at the next height above the final cleared height. C is eliminated in the second round of the jump-off 1.89m, then B wins in the third round.
A 2009 rule-change makes the jump-off optional, so that first place can be shared by agreement among tied athletes. This rule led to shared gold in the 2020 Olympic men's event held in 2021.
History
The first recorded high jump event took place in Scotland in the 19th century. Early jumpers used either an elaborate straight-on approach or a scissors technique. In later years, the bar was approached diagonally, and the jumper threw first the inside leg and then the other over the bar in a scissoring motion.
Around the turn of the 20th century, techniques began to change, beginning with the Irish-American Michael Sweeney's Eastern cut-off as a variation of the scissors technique. By taking off as in the scissors method, extending his spine and flattening out over the bar, Sweeney raised the world record to 1.97 m (6 ft 5+1⁄2 in) in 1895. Even in 1948, John Winter of Australia won the gold medal of the 1948 London Olympics with this style. Besides, one of the most successful female high jumper, Iolanda Balaș of Romania, used this style to dominate women's high jump for about 10 years until her retirement at 1967.
Another American, George Horine, developed an even more efficient technique, the Western roll. In this style, the bar again is approached on a diagonal, but the inner leg is used for the take-off, while the outer leg is thrust up to lead the body sideways over the bar. Horine increased the world standard to 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in) in 1912. His technique was predominant through the 1936 Berlin Olympics, in which the event was won by Cornelius Johnson at 2.03 m (6 ft 7+3⁄4 in).
American and Soviet jumpers were the most successful for the next four decades, and they pioneered the straddle technique. Straddle jumpers took off as in the Western roll but rotated their torso, belly-down, around the bar, obtaining the most efficient and highest clearance up to that time. Straddle jumper Charles Dumas was the first to clear 7ft (2.13m), in 1956. American John Thomas pushed the world mark to 2.23 m (7 ft 3+3⁄4 in) in 1960. Valeriy Brumel of the Soviet Union took over the event for the next four years, radically speeding up his approach run. He took the record up to 2.28 m (7 ft 5+3⁄4 in) and won the gold medal of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, before a motorcycle accident ended his career in 1965.
American coaches, including two-time NCAA champion Frank Costello of the University of Maryland, flocked to Russia to learn from Brumel and his coaches like Vladimir Dyachkov. However, it would be a solitary innovator at Oregon State University, Dick Fosbury, who would bring the high jump into the next century.
Taking advantage of the raised, softer, artificially-cushioned landing areas that were in use by then, Fosbury added a new twist to the outmoded Eastern cut-off. He directed himself over the bar head and shoulders first, going over on his back and landing in a fashion that would likely have resulted in serious injury in the old ground-level landing pits, which were usually filled with sawdust or sand mixtures. Around the same time, Debbie Brill independently came up with the same technique, which she called the 'Brill Bend'.
Since Fosbury used his new style, called the Fosbury Flop, to win the gold medal of the 1968 Mexico Olympics, it has spread quickly, and soon "floppers" were dominating international high jump competitions. The first flopper setting a world record was the American Dwight Stones, who cleared 2.30 m (7 ft 6+1⁄2 in) in 1973. In the female side, the 16-year-old flopper Ulrike Meyfarth from West Germany won the gold medal of the 1972 Munich Olympics at 1.92 m (6 ft 3+1⁄2 in), which tied the women's world record at that time (held by the Austrian straddler Ilona Gusenbauer a year before). However, it was not until 1978 when a flopper, Sara Simeoni of Italy, broke the women's world record.
Successful high jumpers following Fosbury's lead also included the rival of Dwight Stones, 1.73 metres (5 ft 8 in)-tall Franklin Jacobs of Paterson, New Jersey, who cleared 2.32 m (7 ft 7+1⁄4 in), 0.59 metres (1 ft 11 in) over his head (a feat equalled 27 years later by Stefan Holm of Sweden); Chinese record-setters Ni-chi Chin and Zhu Jianhua; Germans Gerd Wessig and Dietmar Mögenburg; Swedish Olympic medalist and former world record holder Patrik Sjöberg; female jumpers Ulrike Meyfarth of West Germany and Sara Simeoni of Italy.
In spite of this, the straddle technique did not disappear at once. In 1977, the 18-year-old Soviet straddler Vladimir Yashchenko set a new world record 2.33 m (7 ft 7+1⁄2 in). In 1978, he raised the record to 2.34 m (7 ft 8 in), and 2.35 m (7 ft 8+1⁄2 in) indoor, just before a knee injury effectively ended his career when he was only 20 years old. In the female side, the straddler Rosemarie Ackermann of East Germany, who was the first female jumper ever to clear 2 m (6 ft 6+1⁄2 in), raised the world record from 1.95 m (6 ft 4+3⁄4 in) to 2.00 m (6 ft 6+1⁄2 in) during 1974 to 1977. In fact, from 2 June 1977 to 3 August 1978, almost 10 years after Fosbury's success, the men's and women's world records were still held by straddle jumpers Yashchenko and Ackermann respectively. However, they were the last world record holders using the straddle technique. Ackermann also won the gold medal of the 1976 Montreal Olympics, which was the last time for a straddle jumper (male or female) to win an Olympic medal.
In 1980, the Polish flopper, 1976 Olympic gold medalist Jacek Wszoła, broke Yashchenko's world record at 2.35 m (7 ft 8+1⁄2 in). Two years before, the female Italian flopper Sara Simeoni, the long-term rival of Ackermann, broke Ackermann's world record at 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in) and became the first female flopper to break the women's world record. She also won the gold medal of the 1980 Moscow Olympics, where Ackermann placed fourth. Since then, the flop style has been completely dominant. All other techniques were almost extinct in serious high jump competitions after late 1980s.
Technical aspects
Technique and form have evolved greatly over the history of high jump. The Fosbury Flop is currently considered the most efficient way for competitors to propel themselves over the bar.
Approach
For a Fosbury Flop, depending on the athlete's jump foot, they start on the right or left of the high jump mat, placing their jump foot farthest away from the mat. They take an eight- to ten-step approach, with the first three to five steps being in a straight line and the last five being on a curve. Athletes generally mark their approach in order to find as much consistency as possible.
The approach run can be more important than the takeoff. If a high jumper runs with bad timing or without enough aggression, clearing the bar becomes more of a challenge. The approach requires a certain shape or curve, the right amount of speed, and the correct number of strides. The approach angle is also critical for optimal height.
The straight run builds the momentum and sets the tone for a jump. The athlete starts by pushing off their takeoff foot with slow, powerful steps, then begins to accelerate. They should be running upright by the end of the straight portion.
The athlete's takeoff foot will be landing on the first step of the curve, and they will continue to accelerate, focusing their body towards the opposite back corner of the high jump mat. While staying erect and leaning away from the mat, the athlete takes their final two steps flat-footed, rolling from the heel to the toe.
Most great straddle jumpers run at angles of about 30 to 40 degrees. The length of the run is determined by the speed of the approach. A slower run requires about eight strides, but a faster high jumper might need about 13 strides. Greater speed allows a greater part of the body's forward momentum to be converted upward.
The J approach favored by Fosbury floppers allows for speed, the ability to turn in the air (centripetal force), and a good takeoff position, which helps turn horizontal momentum into vertical momentum. The approach should be a hard, controlled stride so that the athlete does not fall from running at an angle. Athletes should lean into the curve from their ankles, not their hips. This allows their hips to rotate during takeoff, which in turn allows their center of gravity to pass under the bar.
Takeoff
The takeoff can be double-arm or single-arm. In both cases, the plant foot should be the foot farthest from the bar, angled towards the opposite back corner of the mat, as they drive up the knee on their non-takeoff leg. This is accompanied by a one- or two-arm swing while driving the knee.
Unlike the straddle technique, where the takeoff foot is "planted" in the same spot regardless of the height of the bar, flop-style jumpers must adjust their approach run as the bar is raised so that their takeoff spot is slightly farther out from the bar. Jumpers attempting to reach record heights commonly fail when most of their energy is directed into the vertical effort and they knock the bar off the standards with the backs of their legs as they stall.
An effective approach shape can be derived from physics. For example, the rate of backward spin required as the jumper crosses the bar in order to facilitate shoulder clearance on the way up and foot clearance on the way down can be determined by computer simulation. This rotation rate can be back-calculated to determine the required angle of lean away from the bar at the moment of planting, based on how long the jumper is on the takeoff foot. This information, together with the jumper's speed, can be used to calculate the radius of the curved part of the approach. One can also work in the opposite direction by assuming a certain approach radius and determining the resulting backward rotation.
Drills can be practiced to solidify the approach. One drill is to run in a straight line and then run two to three circles spiraling into one another. Another is to run or skip a circle of any size two to three times in a row. It is important to leap upwards without first leaning into the bar, allowing the momentum of the J approach to carry the body across the bar.
Flight
The knee on the athlete's non-takeoff leg naturally turns their body, placing them in the air with their back to the bar. The athlete then drives their shoulders towards the back of their feet, arching their body over the bar. They can look over their shoulder to judge when to kick both feet over their head, causing their body to clear the bar and land on the mat.
All-time top 25
- As of February 2023.
Men (outdoor)
Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 2.45 m (8 ft 1⁄4 in) | Javier Sotomayor | Cuba | 27 JUL 1993 | Salamanca | |
2 | 2.44 m (8 ft 0 in) | Sotomayor #2 | 29 JUL 1989 | San Juan | |||
3 | 2.43 m (7 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | Sotomayor #3 | 08 SEP 1988 | Salamanca | |||
2 | 3 | 2.43 m (7 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | Mutaz Essa Barshim | Qatar | 05 SEP 2014 | Brussels | |
3 | 5 | 2.42 m (7 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Patrik Sjöberg | Sweden | 30 JUN 1987 | Stockholm | |
5 | 2.42 m (7 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Sotomayor #4 | 05 JUN 1994 | Seville | |||
3 | 5 | 2.42 m (7 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Bohdan Bondarenko | Ukraine | 14 JUN 2014 | New York City | |
5 | 2.42 m (7 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Barshim #2 | 14 JUN 2014 | New York City | |||
5 | 9 | 2.41 m (7 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Igor Paklin | Soviet Union | 04 SEP 1985 | Kobe | |
9 | 2.41 m (7 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Sotomayor #5 | 25 JUN 1994 | Havana | |||
Sotomayor #6 | 15 JUL 1994 | London | |||||
Bondarenko #2 | 04 JUL 2013 | Lausanne | |||||
Bondarenko #3 | 15 AUG 2013 | Moscow | |||||
Barshim #3 | 05 JUN 2014 | Rome | |||||
Barshim #4 | 22 AUG 2014 | Eberstadt | |||||
Barshim #5 | 30 MAY 2015 | Eugene | |||||
6 | 17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Rudolf Povarnitsyn | Soviet Union | 11 AUG 1985 | Donetsk | |
17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Sotomayor #7 | 12 MAR 1989 | Havana | |||
Sjöberg #2 | 05 AUG 1989 | Brussels | |||||
17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) A | Sotomayor #8 | 13 AUG 1989 | Bogotá | |||
6 | 17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Sorin Matei | Romania | 20 JUN 1990 | Bratislava | |
17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Sotomayor #9 | 19 JUL 1991 | Paris | |||
6 | 17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Charles Austin | United States | 07 AUG 1991 | Zürich | |
17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Sotomayor #10 | 22 MAY 1993 | Havana | |||
Sotomayor #11 | 23 JUL 1993 | London | |||||
Sotomayor #12 | 22 AUG 1993 | Stuttgart | |||||
Sotomayor #13 | 10 JUL 1994 | Eberstadt | |||||
Sotomayor #14 | 18 JUL 1994 | Nice | |||||
Sotomayor #15 | 29 JUL 1994 | St. Petersburg | |||||
Sotomayor #16 | 11 SEP 1994 | London | |||||
Sotomayor #17 | 25 MAR 1995 | Mar del Plata | |||||
6 | 17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Vyacheslav Voronin | Russia | 05 AUG 2000 | London | |
17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Barshim #6 | 01 JUN 2013 | Eugene | |||
6 | 17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Derek Drouin | Canada | 25 APR 2014 | Des Moines | |
17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Bondarenko #4 | 11 MAY 2014 | Tokyo | |||
Bondarenko #5 | 03 JUL 2014 | Lausanne | |||||
6 | 17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Andriy Protsenko | Ukraine | 03 JUL 2014 | Lausanne | |
17 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Bondarenko #6 | 18 JUL 2014 | Monaco | |||
Bondarenko #7 | 05 SEP 2014 | Brussels | |||||
Barshim #7 | 11 JUN 2016 | Opole | |||||
Barshim #8 | 20 AUG 2017 | Birmingham | |||||
Barshim #9 | 27 AUG 2017 | Eberstadt | |||||
Barshim #10 | 04 MAY 2018 | Doha | |||||
Barshim #11 | 02 JUL 2018 | Székesfehérvár | |||||
12 | 2.39 m (7 ft 10 in) | Zhu Jianhua | China | 10 JUN 1984 | Eberstadt | ||
Hollis Conway | United States | 30 JUL 1989 | Norman | ||||
Ivan Ukhov | Russia | 05 JUL 2012 | Cheboksary | ||||
Gianmarco Tamberi | Italy | 15 JUL 2016 | Monaco | ||||
16 | 2.38 m (7 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | Hennadiy Avdyeyenko | Soviet Union | 06 SEP 1987 | Rome | ||
Sergey Malchenko | Soviet Union | 04 SEP 1988 | Banská Bystrica | ||||
Dragutin Topić | FR Yugoslavia | 01 AUG 1993 | Belgrade | ||||
Troy Kemp | Bahamas | 12 JUL 1995 | Nice | ||||
Artur Partyka | Poland | 18 AUG 1996 | Eberstadt | ||||
Jacques Freitag | South Africa | 05 MAR 2005 | Oudtshoorn | ||||
Andriy Sokolovskyy | Ukraine | 08 JUL 2005 | Rome | ||||
Andrey Silnov | Russia | 25 JUL 2008 | London | ||||
Zhang Guowei | China | 30 MAY 2015 | Eugene | ||||
Danil Lysenko | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 27 AUG 2017 | Eberstadt |
Note: The following athletes have had their personal best annulled due to doping offences:
Mark | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.41 m (7 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Ivan Ukhov (RUS) | 10 May 2014 | Doha | |
2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Danil Lysenko (ANA) | 20 July 2018 | Monaco |
Women (outdoor)
Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 2.09 m (6 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Stefka Kostadinova | Bulgaria | 30 AUG 1987 | Rome | |
2 | 2.08 m (6 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Kostadinova #2 | 31 MAY 1986 | Sofia | |||
2 | 2 | 2.08 m (6 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Blanka Vlašić | Croatia | 31 AUG 2009 | Zagreb | |
3 | 4 | 2.07 m (6 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Lyudmila Andonova | Bulgaria | 20 JUL 1984 | Berlin | |
4 | 2.07 m (6 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Kostadinova #3 | 25 MAY 1986 | Sofia | |||
Kostadinova #4 | 16 SEP 1987 | Cagliari | |||||
Kostadinova #5 | 03 SEP 1988 | Sofia | |||||
Vlašić #2 | 07 AUG 2007 | Stockholm | |||||
3 | 4 | 2.07 m (6 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Anna Chicherova | Russia | 22 JUL 2011 | Cheboksary | |
10 | 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) | Kostadinova #6 | 18 AUG 1985 | Moscow | |||
Kostadinova #7 | 15 JUN 1986 | Fürth | |||||
Kostadinova #8 | 14 SEP 1986 | Cagliari | |||||
Kostadinova #9 | 06 JUN 1987 | Worrstadt | |||||
Kostadinova #10 | 08 SEP 1987 | Rieti | |||||
5 | 10 | 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) | Kajsa Bergqvist | Sweden | 26 JUL 2003 | Eberstadt | |
Hestrie Cloete | South Africa | 31 AUG 2003 | Paris | ||||
Yelena Slesarenko | Russia | 28 AUG 2004 | Athens | ||||
10 | 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) | Vlašić #3 | 30 JUL 2007 | Thessaloniki | |||
Vlašić #4 | 22 JUN 2008 | Istanbul | |||||
Vlašić #5 | 05 JUL 2008 | Madrid | |||||
5 | 10 | 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) | Ariane Friedrich | Germany | 14 JUN 2009 | Berlin | |
Mariya Lasitskene | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 06 JUL 2017 | Lausanne | ||||
10 | 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) | Lasitskene #2 | 20 JUN 2019 | Ostrava | |||
10 | 24 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Tamara Bykova | Soviet Union | 22 JUN 1984 | Kyiv | |
24 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Kostadinova #11 | 14 JUN 1986 | Worrstadt | |||
Kostadinova #12 | 07 SEP 1986 | Rieti | |||||
Kostadinova #13 | 04 JUL 1987 | Oslo | |||||
Kostadinova #14 | 13 SEP 1987 | Padova | |||||
Kostadinova #15 | 12 AUG 1988 | Budapest | |||||
10 | 24 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Heike Henkel | Germany | 31 AUG 1991 | Tokyo | |
24 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Kostadinova #16 | 04 JUL 1992 | San Marino | |||
Kostadinova #17 | 18 SEP 1993 | Fukuoka | |||||
10 | 24 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Inha Babakova | Ukraine | 15 SEP 1995 | Tokyo | |
24 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Kostadinova #18 | 03 AUG 1996 | Atlanta | |||
Bergqvist #2 | 18 AUG 2002 | Poznan | |||||
Cloete #2 | 10 AUG 2003 | Berlin | |||||
Bergqvist #3 | 28 JUL 2006 | London | |||||
Vlašić #6 | 21 JUL 2007 | Madrid | |||||
Vlašić #7 | 02 SEP 2007 | Osaka | |||||
Vlašić #8 | 12 JUN 2008 | Ostrava | |||||
Vlašić #9 | 01 JUL 2008 | Bydgoszcz | |||||
10 | 24 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Tia Hellebaut | Belgium | 23 AUG 2008 | Beijing | |
24 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Vlašić #10 | 23 AUG 2008 | Beijing | |||
Vlašić #11 | 08 MAY 2009 | Doha | |||||
10 | 24 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Chaunté Lowe | United States | 26 JUN 2010 | Des Moines | |
24 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Vlašić #12 | 05 SEP 2010 | Split | |||
Chicherova #2 | 16 SEP 2011 | Brussels | |||||
Chicherova #3 | 11 AUG 2012 | London | |||||
Lasitskene #3 | 21 JUL 2017 | Monaco | |||||
Lasitskene #4 | 08 SEP 2021 | Zürich | |||||
10 | 24 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Yaroslava Mahuchikh | Ukraine | 02 SEP 2022 | Brussels | |
16 | 2.04 m (6 ft 8+1⁄4 in) | Silvia Costa | Cuba | 09 SEP 1989 | Barcelona | ||
Venelina Veneva-Mateeva | Bulgaria | 02 JUN 2001 | Kalamata | ||||
Irina Gordeeva | Russia | 19 AUG 2012 | Eberstadt | ||||
Brigetta Barrett | United States | 22 JUN 2013 | Des Moines | ||||
20 | 2.03 m (6 ft 7+3⁄4 in) | Ulrike Meyfarth | West Germany | 21 AUG 1983 | London | ||
Louise Ritter | United States | 08 JUL 1988 | Austin | ||||
Tatyana Motkova | Russia | 30 MAY 1995 | Bratislava | ||||
Niki Bakoyianni | Greece | 03 AUG 1996 | Atlanta | ||||
Antonietta Di Martino | Italy | 24 JUN 2007 | Milan | ||||
25 | 2.02 m (6 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | Yelena Yelesina | Soviet Union | 23 JUL 1990 | Seattle | ||
Monica Iagar | Romania | 06 JUN 1998 | Budapest | ||||
Marina Kuptsova | Russia | 01 JUN 2003 | Hengelo | ||||
Vita Styopina | Ukraine | 28 AUG 2004 | Athens | ||||
Ruth Beitia | Spain | 04 AUG 2007 | San Sebastián | ||||
Elena Vallortigara | Italy | 22 JUL 2018 | London | ||||
Nafissatou Thiam | Belgium | 22 JUN 2019 | Talence | ||||
Yuliya Levchenko | Ukraine | 10 SEP 2019 | Minsk | ||||
Vashti Cunningham | United States | 29 MAY 2021 | Chula Vista | ||||
Nicola McDermott | Australia | 07 AUG 2021 | Tokyo | ||||
Eleanor Patterson | Australia | 19 JUL 2022 | Eugene |
Men (indoor)
Rank | Mark | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2.43 m (7 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | Javier Sotomayor (CUB) | 4 March 1989 | Budapest | |
2 | 2.42 m (7 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Carlo Thränhardt (FRG) | 26 February 1988 | Berlin | |
3 | 2.41 m (7 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Patrik Sjöberg (SWE) | 1 February 1987 | Piraeus | |
Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT) | 18 February 2015 | Athlone | |||
5 | 2.40 m (7 ft 10+1⁄4 in) | Hollis Conway (USA) | 10 March 1991 | Seville | |
Stefan Holm (SWE) | 6 March 2005 | Madrid | |||
Ivan Ukhov (RUS) | 25 February 2009 | Piraeus | |||
Aleksey Dmitrik (RUS) | 8 February 2014 | Arnstadt | |||
9 | 2.39 m (7 ft 10 in) | Dietmar Mögenburg (FRG) | 24 February 1985 | Cologne | |
Ralf Sonn (GER) | 1 March 1991 | Berlin | |||
11 | 2.38 m (7 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | Igor Paklin (URS) | 7 March 1987 | Indianapolis | |
Gennadiy Avdeyenko (URS) | 7 March 1987 | Indianapolis | |||
Steve Smith (GBR) | 4 February 1994 | Wuppertal | |||
Wolf-Hendrik Beyer (GER) | 18 March 1994 | Weinheim | |||
Sorin Matei (ROU) | 3 February 1995 | Wuppertal | |||
Matt Hemingway (USA) | 4 March 2000 | Atlanta | |||
Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS) | 15 February 2005 | Stockholm | |||
Linus Thörnblad (SWE) | 25 February 2007 | Gothenburg | |||
Gianmarco Tamberi (ITA) | 13 February 2016 | Hustopeče | |||
Danil Lysenko (RUS) | 29 January 2023 | Moscow | |||
21 | 2.37 m (7 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Artur Partyka (POL) | 3 February 1991 | Sulingen | |
Dalton Grant (GBR) | 13 March 1994 | Paris | |||
Charles Austin (USA) | 1 March 1996 | Atlanta | |||
Vyacheslav Voronin (RUS) | 5 March 2005 | Glasgow | |||
Jaroslav Bába (CZE) | 5 February 2000 | Arnstadt | |||
Andrey Silnov (RUS) | 2 February 2008 | Arnstadt | |||
Maksim Nedasekau (BLR) | 7 March 2021 | Toruń |
Note: The following athletes have had their personal best annulled due to doping offences:
Mark | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.42 m (7 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Ivan Ukhov (RUS) | 25 February 2014 | Prague |
Women (indoor)
Rank | Mark | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2.08 m (6 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Kajsa Bergqvist (SWE) | 4 February 2006 | Arnstadt | |
2 | 2.07 m (6 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Heike Henkel (GER) | 8 February 1992 | Karlsruhe | |
3 | 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) | Stefka Kostadinova (BUL) | 20 February 1988 | Athens | |
Blanka Vlašić (CRO) | 6 February 2010 | Arnstadt | |||
Anna Chicherova (RUS) | 4 February 2012 | Arnstadt | |||
Yaroslava Mahuchikh (UKR) | 2 February 2021 | Banská Bystrica | |||
7 | 2.05 m (6 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Tia Hellebaut (BEL) | 3 March 2007 | Birmingham | |
Ariane Friedrich (GER) | 15 February 2009 | Karlsruhe | |||
Mariya Lasitskene (RUS) | 9 February 2020 | Moscow | |||
10 | 2.04 m (6 ft 8+1⁄4 in) | Alina Astafei (GER) | 3 March 1995 | Berlin | |
Yelena Slesarenko (RUS) | 7 March 2004 | Budapest | |||
Antonietta Di Martino (ITA) | 9 February 2011 | Banská Bystrica | |||
13 | 2.03 m (6 ft 7+3⁄4 in) | Tamara Bykova (URS) | 6 March 1983 | Budapest | |
Monica Iagăr (ROU) | 23 January 1999 | Bucharest | |||
Marina Kuptsova (RUS) | 2 March 2002 | Vienna | |||
16 | 2.02 m (6 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | Susanne Beyer (GDR) | 8 March 1987 | Indianapolis | |
Venelina Veneva-Mateeva (BUL) | 2 February 2002 | Łódź | |||
Yelena Yelesina (RUS) | 26 February 2003 | Moscow | |||
2.02 m (6 ft 7+1⁄2 in) A | Chaunte Lowe (USA) | 26 February 2012 | Albuquerque | ||
2.02 m (6 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | Kamila Lićwinko (POL) | 21 February 2015 | Toruń | ||
21 | 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in) | Gabriele Günz (GDR) | 31 January 1988 | Stuttgart | |
Ioamnet Quintero (CUB) | 5 March 1993 | Berlin | |||
Tisha Waller (USA) | 28 February 1998 | Atlanta | |||
Ruth Beitia (ESP) | 24 February 2007 | Piraeus | |||
Vita Palamar (UKR) | 9 March 2008 | Valencia | |||
Irina Gordeeva (RUS) | 28 January 2009 | Cottbus | |||
Airinė Palšytė (LTU) | 4 March 2017 | Belgrade |
Olympic medalists
Men
Women
World Championships medalists
Men
Medal table
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Qatar (QAT) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
2 | Russia (RUS) | 2 | 5 | 0 | 7 |
3 | Cuba (CUB) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
4 | Ukraine (UKR) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
United States (USA) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |
6 | Bahamas (BAH) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
7 | Soviet Union (URS) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
8 | Canada (CAN) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
9 | Sweden (SWE) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
10 | Germany (GER) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
11 | South Africa (RSA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
12 | Poland (POL) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
– | Authorised Neutral Athletes (ANA) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
13 | China (CHN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Cyprus (CYP) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
South Korea (KOR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
16 | Australia (AUS) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Syria (SYR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (18 entries) | 18 | 22 | 15 | 55 |
Women
World Indoor Championships medalists
Men
Women
- A Known as the World Indoor Games.
Athletes with most medals
Athletes who have won multiple titles at the two most important competitions, the Olympic Games and the World Championships:
- 4 wins: Mariya Lasitskene (RUS) - Olympic Champion in 2020, World Champion in 2015, 2017 & 2019
- 4 wins: Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT) - Olympic Champion in 2020, World Champion in 2017, 2019 & 2022
- 3 wins: Javier Sotomayor (CUB) - Olympic Champion in 1992, World Champion in 1993 & 1997
- 3 wins: Stefka Kostadinova (BUL) - Olympic Champion in 1996, World Champion in 1987 & 1995
- 2 wins: Gennadiy Avdeyenko (URS) - Olympic Champion in 1988, World Champion in 1983
- 2 wins: Charles Austin (USA) - Olympic Champion in 1996, World Champion in 1991
- 2 wins: Iolanda Balas (ROM) - Olympic Champion in 1960 & 1964
- 2 wins: Ulrike Meyfarth (FRG) - Olympic Champion in 1972 & 1984
- 2 wins: Heike Henkel (GER) - Olympic Champion in 1992, World Champion in 1991
- 2 wins: Hestrie Cloete (RSA) - World Champion in 2001 & 2003
- 2 wins: Blanka Vlašić (CRO) - World Champion in 2007 & 2009
- 2 wins: Anna Chicherova (RUS) - Olympic Champion in 2012, World Champion in 2011
Kostadinova and Sotomayor are the only high jumpers to have been Olympic Champion, World Champion and broken the world record.
Men
Athlete | Olympic Games | World Championships | World Indoor Championships | Continental Championships | Continental Indoor Championships | Universiade | Regional Games Mediterranean Pan American Asian |
Total | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Javier Sotomayor (CUB) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 4 | 1 |
Mutaz Essa Barshim (QAT) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 2 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 4 | 1 |
Dietmar Mögenburg (FRG) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 7 | 3 | 1 |
Stefan Holm (SWE) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 7 | 2 | 1 |
Patrik Sjöberg (SWE) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 6 | 3 | 2 |
Lee Jin-Taek (KOR) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
Igor Paklin (URS) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 4 | 1 | 0 |
Valeriy Brumel (URS) | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 4 | 1 | 0 |
Zhu Jianhua (CHN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
Charles Austin (USA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
Yaroslav Rybakov (RUS) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 3 | 8 | 2 |
Dragutin Topić (SRB) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
Vladimir Yashchenko (URS) | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Gennadiy Avdeyenko (URS) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 1 |
Hollis Conway (USA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Women
Athlete | Olympic Games | World Championships | World Indoor Championships | Continental Championships | Continental Indoor Championships | Universiade | Regional Games Mediterranean Pan American Commonwealth |
Total | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stefka Kostadinova (BUL) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 13 | 2 | 0 |
Sara Simeoni (ITA) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 2 | 4 |
Mariya Lasitskene (RUS) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 9 | 2 | 0 |
Ruth Beitia (ESP) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 4 |
Blanka Vlašić (CRO) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
Hestrie Cloete (RSA) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 |
Heike Henkel (FRG) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 6 | 1 | 3 |
Iolanda Balaş (ROU) | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 6 | 1 | 0 |
Ulrike Meyfarth (FRG) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 5 | 2 | 0 |
Kajsa Bergqvist (SWE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 5 | 1 | 4 |
Rosemarie Ackermann (GDR) | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 5 | 1 | 0 |
Anna Chicherova (RUS) | 1 | 0 | * | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 4 | 4 | 3 |
Tamara Bykova (URS) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Alina Astafei (Romania & Germany) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 4 | 3 | 2 |
Tia Hellebaut (BEL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Yelena Slesarenko (RUS) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Antonietta Di Martino (ITA) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Season's bests
Men
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Women
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See also
- List of high jump national champions (men)
- List of high jump national champions (women)
- Standing high jump
Sources
- The Complete Book of Track and Field, by Tom McNab
- The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2000
External links
High jump techniques
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