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List of even-toed ungulates by population
List of even-toed ungulates by population
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Mammals by population |
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This is a list of even-toed ungulate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive, as not all ungulates have had their numbers quantified.
Common name | Binomial name | Population | Status | Trend | Notes | Image |
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Saola | Pseudoryx nghetinhensis | <750 | CR |
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Maximum estimate. No individuals in captivity. Wild population highly dispersed, and subpopulations fragmented with numbers of mature individuals below the minimum viable population. Foremost threatened by hunting. |
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Pygmy hog | Porcula salvania | 250 | CR |
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Maximum estimate for mature individuals. |
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Bawean deer | Axis kuhlii | 200–500 | CR |
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Estimates are for the wild population only; may reach as high as 500. |
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Addax | Addax nasomaculatus | 30–90 | CR |
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Maximum estimate for the wild. |
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Tamaraw | Bubalus mindorensis | 300 | CR |
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Togian babirusa | Babyrousa togeanensis | 500 | EN |
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Maximum estimate. |
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Walia ibex | Capra walie | 500 | EN |
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Dama gazelle | Nanger dama | 500 | CR |
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Maximum estimate. |
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Hirola | Beatragus hunteri | 500–2000 | CR |
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May be much lower. |
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Anhui musk deer | Moschus anhuiensis | 700–800 | EN |
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Most recent estimate was in 1998. | |
Przewalski's gazelle | Procapra przewalskii | 700–800 | EN |
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Could be underestimated. |
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Persian fallow deer | Dama mesopotamica | 715 | EN |
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Previously thought to be extinct. |
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Wild Bactrian camel | Camelus ferus | 950 | CR |
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Wild population only. |
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South Andean deer | Hippocamelus bisulcus | 1048–1500 | EN |
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Calamian deer | Axis calamianensis | 1123 | EN |
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1994 estimate; has almost certainly decreased. |
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Abbott's duiker | Cephalophus spadix | 1500 | EN |
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Maximum estimate. | |
Cuvier's gazelle | Gazella cuvieri | 1750–2950 | EN | unknown |
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Nilgiri tahr | Nilgiritragus hylocrius | 1800–2000 | EN |
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Pygmy hippopotamus | Choeropsis liberiensis | 2000–3000 | EN |
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Estimate is from 1993; numbers have probably shrunk. |
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Mountain anoa | Bubalus quarlesi | 2500 | EN |
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Maximum estimate. |
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Rhim gazelle | Gazella leptoceros | 2500 | EN |
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Estimate is for mature individuals only. |
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Visayan spotted deer | Rusa alfredi | 2500 | EN |
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Maximum estimate. |
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Mountain nyala | Tragelaphus buxtoni | 2500–4000 | EN |
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2500 is a maximum estimate from 1999, but recent work has shown numbers may be as high as 4000. |
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European bison | Bison bonasus | 3200 | NT |
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Includes 1400 semi-domestic animals and 1800 wild. Semi-domestic numbers are likely underestimated. |
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Chacoan peccary | Catagonus wagneri | 3200 | EN |
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Estimate was made in 2002; wide-scale deforestation of their habitat began in 2003. |
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Wild water buffalo | Bubalus arnee | 3400 | EN | ![]() |
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Jentink's duiker | Cephalophus jentinki | 3500 | EN |
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Maximum estimate; may be less than 2000. |
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Barasingha | Rucervus duvaucelii | 3500–5100 | VU |
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Nile lechwe | Kobus megaceros | 4291 | EN |
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Small red brocket | Mazama bororo | 4500 | VU |
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Maximum estimate. | |
Arabian tahr | Arabitragus jayakari | 5000 | EN |
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Maximum estimate. |
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West Caucasian tur | Capra caucasica | 5000–6000 | EN |
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Barbary sheep | Ammotragus lervia | 5000–10000 | LC |
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Beira | Dorcatragus megalotis | 7000 | VU |
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Arabian Oryx | Oryx leucoryx | 7000–8000 | VU |
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6000–7000 in captivity and c. 1000 in the wild. |
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Hairy-fronted muntjac | Muntiacus crinifrons | 7000–8500 | VU |
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Most recent estimate was in 1998. |
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Banteng | Bos javanicus | 8000 | EN |
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Maximum estimate; may be fewer than 5000. Numbers do not include the non-purebred domestic variety. |
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Markhor | Capra falconeri | 9700 | NT |
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Estimate includes approximately 900 animals assumed to live in areas for which data is unavailable. |
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Nubian ibex | Capra nubiana | 10000 | VU |
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Maximum estimate. |
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Southern pudú | Pudu puda | 10000 | NT |
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Maximum estimate. |
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Red goral | Naemorhedus baileyi | 10000 | VU |
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Maximum estimate for mature individuals. |
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Four-horned antelope | Tetracerus quadricornis | 10000 | LC |
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Javan rusa | Rusa timorensis | 10000 | VU |
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Maximum estimate for mature individuals. |
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Taruca | Hippocamelus antisensis | 12000–17000 | VU |
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Gaur | Bos gaurus | 13000–30000 | VU |
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Soemmerring's gazelle | Nanger soemmerringii | 14000 | VU |
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Mountain gazelle | Gazella gazella | 15000 | VU |
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Maximum estimate. |
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Wild yak | Bos mutus | 15000 | VU |
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Estimate is from 1995. |
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Giant eland | Tragelaphus derbianus | 15000–20000 | LC |
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Black wildebeest | Connochaetes gnou | 18000 | LC |
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Minimum estimate (11000 wild and 7000 semi-domesticated). |
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Grey rhebok | Pelea capreolus | 18000 | LC |
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Harvey's duiker | Cephalophus harveyi | 20000 | LC |
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Numbers may be overestimated. |
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Pampas deer | Ozotoceros bezoarticus | 20000–80000 | NT |
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Red-fronted gazelle | Eudorcas rufifrons | 25000 | VU |
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Zebra duiker | Cephalophus zebra | 28000 | VU |
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Could be overestimated; may be less than 15000. |
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Bongo | Tragelaphus eurycerus | 28000 | NT |
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Two subspecies: Mountain (75–140) and Lowland (28000). |
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Alpine ibex | Capra ibex | 30000 | LC |
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Was as low as 100 individuals in the 1800s. |
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Silver Dik-dik | Madoqua piacentinii | 30000 | DD |
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Possibly overestimated. | |
Nyala | Tragelaphus angasii | 32000 | LC |
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Ogilby's duiker | Cephalophus ogilbyi | 35000 | LC |
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Okapi | Okapia johnstoni | 35000–50000 | EN |
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Mountain reedbuck | Redunca fulvorufula | 36000 | LC |
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Minimum estimate, divided into three subspecies: Southern (33000), Chanler's (2900), and Western (450). |
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Red forest duiker | Cephalophus natalensis | 42000 | LC |
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Numbers may be underestimated. |
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Klipspringer | Oreotragus oreotragus | 42000 | LC |
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Estimate is considered conservative. |
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Blackbuck | Antilope cervicapra | 50000 | NT |
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Numbers have increased from 20000–24000 in the 1970s. |
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Spanish ibex | Capra pyrenaica | 50000 | LC |
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Numbered only c. 7900 in the early 1990s. |
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Royal antelope | Neotragus pygmaeus | 62000 | LC |
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Possibly underestimated. |
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East African oryx | Oryx beisa | 67000 | NT |
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Divided into two subspecies: Beisa (50000) and Fringe-eared (17000). |
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Southern reedbuck | Redunca arundinum | 73000 | LC |
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Sable antelope | Hippotragus niger | 75000 | LC |
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Roan antelope | Hippotragus equinus | 76000 | LC |
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Mountain goat | Oreamnos americanus | 80000–119000 | LC |
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Gerenuk | Litocranius walleri | 95000 | NT |
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Sharpe's Grysbok | Raphicerus sharpei | 95000 | LC |
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Difficult to study due to the animal's nocturnal nature; numbers may be underestimated. |
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Japanese serow | Capricornis crispus | 100000 | LC |
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Black duiker | Cephalophus niger | 100000 | LC |
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Bohor reedbuck | Redunca redunca | 101000 | LC |
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Probably underestimated. |
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Dall sheep | Ovis dalli | 111500–116500 | LC |
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Consists of approximately 41500 sheep in Canada and between 70000 and 75000 animals in the United States. |
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Hippopotamus | Hippopotamus amphibius | 115000–130000 | VU |
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Population was estimated to be between 125000 and 148000 in a 2008 assessment. |
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Lesser kudu | Tragelaphus imberbis | 118000 | NT |
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Minimum estimate. |
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Goitered gazelle | Gazella subgutturosa | 120000–140000 | VU |
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Puku | Kobus vardonii | 130000 | NT |
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Muskox | Ovibos moschatus | 135000 | LC |
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Estimate includes 75400 animals in the Northwest Territories, 45300 in Nunavut, 3714 in Alaska, and between 9500 and 12500 in Greenland. |
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Common eland | Tragelaphus oryx | 136000 | LC |
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Yellow-backed duiker | Cephalophus silvicultor | 160000 | LC |
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Saiga Antelope | Saiga tatarica | 165000 | CR |
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Numbers stood at 1250000 in the mid-1970s. |
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Red-flanked duiker | Cephalophus rufilatus | 170000 | LC |
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Sitatunga | Tragelaphus spekii | 170000 | LC |
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Yet-to-be-published research suggests the population has been overestimated. |
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Weyns's duiker | Cephalophus weynsi | 188000 | LC |
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Waterbuck | Kobus ellipsiprymnus | 200000 | LC |
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About 95000 of the Defassa subspecies and 105000 of the Common. |
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Lechwe | Kobus leche | 212000 | LC |
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Combined numbers of three subspecies: Red (98000), Kafue (78000), and Black (36000). |
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Bates's pygmy antelope | Neotragus batesi | 219000 | LC |
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Water chevrotain | Hyemoschus aquaticus | 278000 | LC |
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White-bellied duiker | Cephalophus leucogaster | 287000 | LC |
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Black-fronted duiker | Cephalophus nigrifrons | 300000 | LC |
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Vicuña | Vicugna vicugna | 347273 | LC |
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Grant's gazelle | Nanger granti | 350000 | LC |
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Hartebeest | Alcelaphus buselaphus | 362000 | LC |
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Suni | Nesotragus moschatus | 365000 | LC |
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Gemsbok | Oryx gazella | 373000 | LC |
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Peters's duiker | Cephalophus callipygus | 382000 | LC |
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Mongolian gazelle | Procapra gutturosa | 400000 | LC | Unknown | Estimate has dropped from 2700000 since 1998. |
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Greater kudu | Tragelaphus strepsiceros | 482000 | LC |
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Salt's dik-dik | Madoqua saltiana | 485600 | LC |
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Günther's dik-dik | Madoqua guentheri | 511000 | LC |
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American bison | Bison bison | 530000 | NT |
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Includes 500000 semi-domestic animals and 30000 wild (19000 plains bison and 11000 wood bison). |
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Guanaco | Lama guanicoe | 535750–589750 | LC |
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Thomson's gazelle | Eudorcas thomsonii | 550000 | NT |
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Steenbok | Raphicerus campestris | 600000 | LC |
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Considered an underestimate. |
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Pronghorn | Antilocapra americana | 700000 | LC |
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Numbered over 35000000 in the early 1800s and as little as 20000 in the early 1920s. |
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Bay duiker | Cephalophus dorsalis | 725000 | LC |
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Oribi | Ourebia ourebi | 750000 | LC |
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African buffalo | Syncerus caffer | 890000 | LC |
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Considered conservative. Divided into four subspecies: West African Savanna (27000), Central African Savanna (133000), Southern Savanna (670000), and Forest (60000). |
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Kirk's dik-dik | Madoqua kirkii | 971000 | LC |
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Siberian roe deer | Capreolus pygargus | 1000000 | NT |
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About 500000 were hunted annually in Russia in the 1800s. |
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Bushbuck | Tragelaphus scriptus | 1340000 | LC |
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Estimate is considered conservative. |
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Moose | Alces alces | 1500000 | LC |
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Blue wildebeest | Connochaetes taurinus | 1550000 | LC |
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Common duiker | Sylvicapra grimmia | 1660000 | LC |
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Considered extremely conservative; yet-to-be-published research shows it may number as high as 10000000. |
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Impala | Aepyceros melampus | 2000000 | LC |
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Springbok | Antidorcas marsupialis | 2000000–2500000 | LC |
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Maxwell's duiker | Philantomba maxwellii | 2137000 | LC |
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Quite possibly underestimated. |
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Blue duiker | Philantomba monticola | 7000000 | LC |
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Estimate is considered conservative. |
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White-tailed deer | Odocoileus virginianus | 11500000 | LC |
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Estimated population in the United States and Canada only, with estimate of 11000000 in the US considered a minimum. |
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Water buffalo | Bubalus bubalis | 172000000 | Domesticated | incl. 3200000 Carabao in the Philippines |
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Domestic goat | Capra hircus | 850000000 | Domesticated |
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Cattle | Bos taurus | 1500000000 | Domesticated |
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Domestic pig | Sus domesticus | 1000000000 | Domesticated |
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Domestic sheep | Ovis aries | 1000000000 | Domesticated |
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