| Stain |
Cell, material, and/or structure(s) stained |
Condition(s) in which stain is positive
|
| Actin-specific enolase |
|
Infantile digital fibromatosis
|
| AE1/AE3 |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
| Alcian blue |
|
Lipoid proteinosis
Papular mucinosis
Scleredema
Pretibial myxedema
Mucopolysaccharidoses
|
| Alizarin red |
|
Calcinosis cutis
|
| Azure A |
Mast cell |
Mastocytosis
|
| Bcl-2 |
|
Basal cell carcinoma
Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
|
| Bcl-6 |
|
Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma
|
| BerEp4 |
|
Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma
Basal cell carcinoma
|
| Brown–Brenn |
|
Eumycotic mycetoma
|
| CAM 5.2 |
|
Merkel cell carcinoma
|
| CCR7 |
|
Melanoma
|
|
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) |
Eccrine gland |
Extramammary Paget's disease
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma
Eccrine poroma
|
| CD1a |
Langerhans cell |
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
|
| CD4 |
|
Mycosis fungoides
Sézary syndrome
|
| CD5 |
|
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
|
| CD8 |
|
Pagetoid reticulosis
|
| CD10 |
|
Renal cell carcinoma
|
| CD15 |
|
Hodgkin's disease
|
| CD20 |
|
Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
|
| CD30 (Ki-1) |
|
Lymphomatoid papulosis
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa
Hodgkin's disease
|
| CD31 |
Endothelial cell |
Kaposi's sarcoma
Angiosarcoma
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
|
| CD34 |
Dermal dendritic cell |
Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma
Spindle cell lipoma
Angiosarcoma
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Atypical fibroxanthoma
Pleomorphic fibroma
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
|
| CD38 |
Plasma cell |
Multiple myeloma
Plasmablastic lymphoma
Pagetoid reticulosis
|
| CD44 |
|
Merkel cell carcinoma
|
| CD56 |
|
Extranodal natural killer cell lymphoma
Merkel cell carcinoma
|
| CD68 |
|
Benign cephalic histiocytosis
Generalized eruptive histiocytosis
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
Juvenile xanthogranuloma
Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma
Giant cell reticulohistiocytoma
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
Xanthoma disseminatum
Rosai–Dorfman disease
Atypical fibroxanthoma
Melanoma
|
| CD79a |
|
Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
Primary cutaneous follicular lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma leg type
|
| CD117 |
Mast cell |
Mastocytosis
|
| CD138 |
Plasma cell |
Multiple myeloma
Plasmablastic lymphoma
|
| CD207 (Langerin) |
Langerhans cell |
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
|
| Chloracetate esterase (Leder) |
Mast cell |
Mastocytosis
|
| Chromogranin A |
|
Merkel cell carcinoma
|
| Cystokeratin 7 |
|
Paget's disease (breast and extramammary)
|
| Cytokeratin 20 |
|
Extramammary Paget's disease of endodermal origin
Merkel cell carcinoma
|
| Colloidal iron |
|
Papular mucinosis
Scleredema
Pretibial myxedema
|
| Congo red |
|
Amyloidosis
Colloid milium
|
| Crystal violet |
|
Amyloidosis
Colloid milium
|
| D2-40 |
|
Lymphangioma circumscriptum
|
| de Galantha |
|
Pseudogout
|
| Dylon |
|
Amyloidosis
|
|
Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) |
Eccrine gland
Sebaceous gland
|
Paget's disease
extramammary Paget's disease
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma
Sebaceous carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Schwannoma
|
| Factor VIII |
|
Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
|
| Factor XIII |
|
Cutaneous focal mucinosis
|
| Factor XIIIa |
Dermal dendritic cell |
Dermatofibroma
Epithelioid cell histiocytoma
|
| Fite |
|
Leprosy
Nocardiosis
|
| Fontana-Masson |
Cryptococcus neoformans |
Cryptococcus
|
| Giemsa |
Mast cell |
Mastocytosis
Mucopolysaccharidoses
|
| Gomori methenamine silver |
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
|
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
|
|
Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) |
Apocrine gland |
Extramammary Paget's disease of cutaneous origin
|
| HAM56 |
Histiocyte |
Dermatofibroma
|
| HMB45 |
Gp100 (pmel17, silver protein) |
Melanoma
|
| India |
Cryptococcus neoformans |
Cryptococcus
|
| KP-1 |
Histiocyte |
Dermatofibroma
|
| LYVE-1 |
|
Kaposi's sarcoma
|
| MAC387 |
Histiocyte |
|
| MART-1 (MART-1) |
|
Melanoma
|
| Masson's trichrome |
|
Infantile digital fibromatosis
|
| Mel-5 |
TYRP1 |
Melanoma
|
| Methylene blue |
Mast cell |
Mastocytosis
Ochronosis
|
| MIB-1 |
|
Melanoma
|
| Muscle-specific actin |
|
Glomus tumor
Dermatofibroma
Infantile myofibromatosis
|
| Neurofilament |
|
Neurofibroma
|
| Neuro-specific enolase |
|
Merkel cell carcinoma
|
| Non-aqueous alcoholic eosin stain (NAES) |
|
Pseudogout
|
| Oil red O |
|
Sebaceous carcinoma
Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum
Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn
|
| Peanut agglutinin |
|
Basal cell carcinoma
|
| Phosphotungsten acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) |
|
Infantile digital fibromatosis
|
| Pogoda red |
|
Amyloidosis
|
| Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) |
|
Nerve sheath myxoma
|
| Silver nitrate |
Urate crystal |
Gout
|
| Sirius red |
|
Amyloidosis
|
| Smooth muscle actin (SMA) |
|
Angiomyxoma
Leiomyosarcoma
|
| SOX10 |
Neuroectodermal neoplasms of neural crest origin, especially:
-
Melanoma, although desmoplastic melanomas may be only focally positive.
- Nevus
|
| Sudan IV |
|
Leprosy
|
| Sudan black |
|
Sebaceous carcinoma
|
| Synaptophysin |
|
Merkel cell carcinoma
|
| S100 |
Melanocyte
Langerhans cell
Schwann cell
Chondrocyte
Adipocyte
Eccrine gland
|
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
Schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Nerve sheath myxoma (Cellular neurothekeoma)
Extraskeletal chondroma
|
| Thioflavin T |
|
Amyloidosis
Colloid milium
|
| Toluidine blue |
Mast cell |
Mastocytosis
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Papular mucinosis
Scleredema
Pretibial myxedema
|
| Tryptase |
Mast cell |
Mastocytosis
|
| Tyrosinase |
Tyrosinase |
Melanoma
|
| Ulex eropaeus agglutinin |
|
Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma
|
| VEGF-3 |
|
Dabska-type hemangioendothelioma
|
| VEGFR-3 |
|
Kaposi's sarcoma
|
| Verhoeff van Gieson |
Collagen
Elastin
|
Elastosis perforans serpiginosa
Acquired perforating dermatosis
Perforating periumbilical calcific elastosis
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
|
| Vimentin |
Non-specific mesenchymal components |
Melanoma
Glomus tumor
Dermatofibroma
Pleomorphic fibroma of the skin
Epithelioid cell histiocytoma
|
| von Kossa |
Calcium |
Calcinosis cutis
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
|
| Wade |
|
Leprosy
|
| Wright |
Blood cells |
Transient neonatal pustular melanosis
Erythema toxicum neonatorum>
Granuloma inguinale
|
| Ziehl–Neelsen_stain |
|
Leprosy
|
