Multicellular tumor spheroids

Multicellular tumor spheroids are scaffold-free spherical self-assembled aggregates of cancer cells. It is a 3 dimensional culture model which closely models oxygen gradients in small avascular tumors. They are cellular model used in cancer research to assess drug response.

Further reading

• Lazzari, Gianpiero; Couvreur, Patrick; Mura, Simona (2017). "Multicellular tumor spheroids: a relevant 3D model for the in vitro preclinical investigation of polymer nanomedicines". Polymer Chemistry. 8 (34): 4947–4969. doi:10.1039/C7PY00559H.
• Carver, Kyle; Ming, Xin; Juliano, Rudolph L. (1 January 2014). "Multicellular Tumor Spheroids as a Model for Assessing Delivery of Oligonucleotides in Three Dimensions". Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids. 3: e153. doi:10.1038/mtna.2014.5. PMC 4027982. PMID 24618852.
• Hirschhaeuser, Franziska; Menne, Heike; Dittfeld, Claudia; West, Jonathan; Mueller-Klieser, Wolfgang; Kunz-Schughart, Leoni A. (1 July 2010). "Multicellular tumor spheroids: An underestimated tool is catching up again". Journal of Biotechnology. 148 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.01.012. PMID 20097238.
• Yuhas, John M.; Li, Albert P.; Martinez, Andrew O.; Ladman, Aaron J. (1 October 1977). "A Simplified Method for Production and Growth of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids". Cancer Research. 37 (10): 3639–3643. PMID 908012.
• Kelm, Jens M.; Timmins, Nicholas E.; Brown, Catherine J.; Fussenegger, Martin; Nielsen, Lars K. (20 July 2003). "Method for generation of homogeneous multicellular tumor spheroids applicable to a wide variety of cell types". Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 83 (2): 173–180. doi:10.1002/bit.10655. PMID 12768623.