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Portal:COVID-19

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The COVID-19 portal

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease quickly spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Transmission and life-cycle of SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19.

Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and distributed in various countries, which have initiated mass vaccination campaigns. Other preventive measures include physical or social distancing, quarantining, ventilation of indoor spaces, use of face masks or coverings in public, covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. While work is underway to develop drugs that inhibit the virus, the primary treatment is symptomatic. Management involves the treatment of symptoms through supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures.

The pandemic has triggered severe social and economic disruption around the world, including the largest global recession since the Great Depression. Widespread supply shortages, including food shortages, were caused by supply chain disruptions and panic buying. Reduced human activity led to an unprecedented decrease in pollution. Educational institutions and public areas were partially or fully closed in many jurisdictions, and many events were cancelled or postponed during 2020 and 2021. Many white-collar workers began working from home. Misinformation has circulated through social media and mass media, and political tensions have intensified. The pandemic has raised issues of racial and geographic discrimination, health equity, and the balance between public health imperatives and individual rights. (Full article)

About the virus

SARS-CoV-2 as seen by a cryo-electron tomography scan.

SARS‑CoV‑2 belongs to the broad family of viruses known as coronaviruses. It is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus, with a single linear RNA segment. Coronaviruses infect humans, other mammals, including livestock and companion animals, and avian species. Human coronaviruses are capable of causing illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, fatality rate ~34%). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect people, after 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, and the original SARS-CoV.

Like the SARS-related coronavirus implicated in the 2003 SARS outbreak, SARS‑CoV‑2 is a member of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (beta-CoV lineage B). Coronaviruses undergo frequent recombination. The mechanism of recombination in unsegmented RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 is generally by copy-choice replication, in which gene material switches from one RNA template molecule to another during replication. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequence is approximately 30,000 bases in length, relatively long for a coronavirus—which in turn carry the largest genomes among all RNA families. Its genome consists nearly entirely of protein-coding sequences, a trait shared with other coronaviruses. (Full article)

Disease progress

As of 17 May 2023, 765,902,514 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, resulting in 6,927,365 reported deaths.


Updated May 17, 2023.
COVID-19 pandemic by location
Location Cases Deaths
World 765,902,514 6,927,365
European Union European Union 183,976,990 1,230,250
United States United States 103,343,569 1,125,209
China China 99,252,425 121,015
India India 44,972,800 531,707
France France 38,961,098 163,120
Germany Germany 38,413,078 173,473
Brazil Brazil 37,487,971 701,833
Japan Japan 33,793,429 74,654
South Korea South Korea 31,285,910 34,534
Italy Italy 25,809,208 189,904
United Kingdom United Kingdom 24,592,953 225,081
Russia Russia 22,884,493 398,578
Turkey Turkey 17,004,677 101,419
Spain Spain 13,845,825 120,964
Vietnam Vietnam 11,575,883 43,196
Australia Australia 11,270,821 20,393
Argentina Argentina 10,044,957 130,472
Taiwan Taiwan 9,970,937 17,672
Netherlands Netherlands 8,610,372 22,992
Iran Iran 7,609,922 146,165
Mexico Mexico 7,595,574 333,960
Indonesia Indonesia 6,791,121 161,501
Poland Poland 6,514,997 119,568
Colombia Colombia 6,365,262 142,722
Austria Austria 6,069,252 22,414
Greece Greece 6,025,776 36,811
Portugal Portugal 5,582,987 26,616
Ukraine Ukraine 5,538,357 112,210
Chile Chile 5,285,307 61,437
Malaysia Malaysia 5,079,436 37,028
Israel Israel 4,823,329 12,500
Belgium Belgium 4,795,081 34,268
Thailand Thailand 4,734,000 33,967
Canada Canada 4,665,486 52,231
Czech Republic Czech Republic 4,640,905 42,782
Peru Peru 4,503,222 220,196
Switzerland Switzerland 4,403,468 14,000
Philippines Philippines 4,102,788 66,453
South Africa South Africa 4,072,533 102,595
Denmark Denmark 3,412,445 8,599
Romania Romania 3,397,365 68,117
Hong Kong Hong Kong 2,876,106 13,466
Sweden Sweden 2,707,174 24,124
Serbia Serbia 2,537,296 18,029
Iraq Iraq 2,465,545 25,375
Singapore Singapore 2,391,248 1,722
New Zealand New Zealand 2,272,229 2,792
Hungary Hungary 2,201,824 48,765
Bangladesh Bangladesh 2,038,384 29,446
Slovakia Slovakia 1,866,647 21,167
Georgia (country) Georgia 1,840,187 17,059
Jordan Jordan 1,746,997 14,122
Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland 1,710,625 8,866
Pakistan Pakistan 1,580,631 30,656
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 1,502,857 19,072
Norway Norway 1,483,639 5,435
Finland Finland 1,475,378 9,373
Slovenia Slovenia 1,343,721 9,317
Lithuania Lithuania 1,319,117 9,672
Bulgaria Bulgaria 1,305,298 38,341
Morocco Morocco 1,273,832 16,297
Croatia Croatia 1,273,256 18,213
Guatemala Guatemala 1,248,823 20,196
Lebanon Lebanon 1,237,127 10,906
Costa Rica Costa Rica 1,229,587 9,362
Bolivia Bolivia 1,197,650 22,380
Tunisia Tunisia 1,152,877 29,398
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico 1,119,959 5,902
Cuba Cuba 1,113,400 8,530
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 1,064,237 2,349
Ecuador Ecuador 1,061,100 36,019
Uruguay Uruguay 1,037,893 7,625
Panama Panama 1,037,324 8,620
Mongolia Mongolia 1,008,038 2,136
Nepal Nepal 1,003,157 12,031
Belarus Belarus 994,037 7,118
Latvia Latvia 977,774 6,352
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 841,469 9,646
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 831,563 10,257
Paraguay Paraguay 735,759 19,880
State of Palestine Palestine 703,228 5,708
Bahrain Bahrain 696,614 1,536
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 672,227 16,849
Kuwait Kuwait 665,851 2,570
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic 661,103 4,384
Cyprus Cyprus 660,854 1,364
Myanmar Myanmar 636,388 19,492
Moldova Moldova 620,418 12,113
Estonia Estonia 618,400 3,001
Venezuela Venezuela 552,695 5,856
Egypt Egypt 516,023 24,830
Qatar Qatar 509,440 690
Libya Libya 507,252 6,437
Ethiopia Ethiopia 500,853 7,574
Réunion Réunion 494,595 921
Honduras Honduras 472,533 11,112
Armenia Armenia 449,062 8,747
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 402,890 16,339
Oman Oman 399,449 4,628
North Macedonia North Macedonia 348,215 9,676
Zambia Zambia 343,911 4,058
Kenya Kenya 343,073 5,688
Albania Albania 334,090 3,604
Botswana Botswana 329,856 2,796
Luxembourg Luxembourg 319,959 1,232
Mauritius Mauritius 302,695 1,048
Brunei Brunei 292,644 158
Montenegro Montenegro 289,292 2,808
Kosovo Kosovo 273,872 3,206
Algeria Algeria 271,751 6,881
Nigeria Nigeria 266,675 3,155
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 264,776 5,689
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan 253,287 1,637
Mozambique Mozambique 233,417 2,243
Martinique Martinique 229,900 1,100
Laos Laos 218,085 671
Afghanistan Afghanistan 217,361 7,902
Iceland Iceland 209,191 260
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan 206,888 2,991
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe 202,653 1,017
El Salvador El Salvador 201,785 4,230
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago 191,496 4,390
Maldives Maldives 186,526 314
Ghana Ghana 171,653 1,462
Namibia Namibia 171,222 4,090
Uganda Uganda 170,671 3,632
Jamaica Jamaica 154,786 3,536
Cambodia Cambodia 138,735 3,056
Rwanda Rwanda 133,194 1,468
Cameroon Cameroon 124,983 1,971
Malta Malta 118,574 835
Barbados Barbados 107,566 589
Angola Angola 105,384 1,934
French Guiana French Guiana 98,041 413
Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 96,403 1,465
Senegal Senegal 88,997 1,971
Malawi Malawi 88,638 2,686
Ivory Coast Ivory Coast 88,326 834
Suriname Suriname 82,495 1,404
New Caledonia New Caledonia 80,058 314
French Polynesia French Polynesia 78,518 649
Eswatini Eswatini 74,670 1,425
Guyana Guyana 73,168 1,298
Belize Belize 70,782 688
Fiji Fiji 68,921 883
Madagascar Madagascar 68,253 1,424
Jersey Jersey 66,391 161
Sudan Sudan 63,993 5,046
Mauritania Mauritania 63,617 997
Cape Verde Cabo Verde 63,613 413
Bhutan Bhutan 62,668 21
Syria Syria 57,423 3,163
Burundi Burundi 53,740 15
Guam Guam 51,240 413
Seychelles Seychelles 50,937 172
Gabon Gabon 48,981 306
Andorra Andorra 48,015 159
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea 46,849 670
Curaçao Curaçao 45,812 302
Aruba Aruba 44,180 288
Tanzania Tanzania 43,078 846
Mayotte Mayotte 42,027 187
Togo Togo 39,490 290
Guinea Guinea 38,462 467
The Bahamas Bahamas 38,084 844
Isle of Man Isle of Man 38,008 116
Guernsey Guernsey 35,326 67
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands 34,658 28
Lesotho Lesotho 34,490 706
Haiti Haiti 34,228 860
Mali Mali 33,144 743
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands 31,472 37
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia 30,052 409
Benin Benin 28,014 163
Somalia Somalia 27,334 1,361
Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia 26,453 64
Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo 25,192 389
United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands 24,936 131
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands 24,575 153
San Marino San Marino 24,210 125
East Timor Timor-Leste 23,433 138
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso 22,056 396
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein 21,465 87
Gibraltar Gibraltar 20,550 113
Grenada Grenada 19,693 238
Bermuda Bermuda 18,860 165
South Sudan South Sudan 18,368 138
Tajikistan Tajikistan 17,786 125
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea 17,130 183
Tonga Tonga 16,816 12
Samoa Samoa 16,763 31
Monaco Monaco 16,760 67
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands 16,081 17
Dominica Dominica 15,760 74
Nicaragua Nicaragua 15,704 245
Djibouti Djibouti 15,690 189
Central African Republic Central African Republic 15,367 113
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands 13,849 41
The Gambia Gambia 12,626 372
Collectivity of Saint Martin Collectivity of Saint Martin 12,300 46
Vanuatu Vanuatu 12,016 14
Greenland Greenland 11,971 21
Yemen Yemen 11,945 2,159
Caribbean Netherlands Caribbean Netherlands 11,885 41
Sint Maarten Sint Maarten 11,030 92
Eritrea Eritrea 10,189 103
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9,619 124
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau 9,614 177
Niger Niger 9,513 315
Comoros Comoros 9,109 160
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda 9,106 146
American Samoa American Samoa 8,331 34
Liberia Liberia 8,090 294
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 7,762 125
Chad Chad 7,698 194
British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands 7,305 64
Cook Islands Cook Islands 7,067 2
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis 6,599 46
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands 6,588 38
São Tomé and Príncipe Sao Tome and Principe 6,562 80
Palau Palau 6,000 9
Saint Barthélemy Saint Barthélemy 5,486 5
Nauru Nauru 5,393 1
Kiribati Kiribati 5,025 24
Anguilla Anguilla 3,904 12
Macau Macau 3,514 121
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna 3,427 7
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3,426 2
Tuvalu Tuvalu 2,779
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 2,166
Falkland Islands Falkland Islands 1,923
Montserrat Montserrat 1,403 8
Niue Niue 747
Vatican City Vatican City 26 0
Tokelau Tokelau 5 0
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands 4
North Korea North Korea 1 6
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan 0 0

About the symptoms

Symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

The symptoms of COVID-19 are variable depending on the type of variant contracted, ranging from mild symptoms to a potentially fatal illness. Common symptoms include coughing, fever, loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), with less common ones including headaches, nasal congestion and runny nose, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea, eye irritation, and toes swelling or turning purple, and in moderate to severe cases, breathing difficulties. People with the COVID-19 infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time. Three common clusters of symptoms have been identified: one respiratory symptom cluster with cough, sputum, shortness of breath, and fever; a musculoskeletal symptom cluster with muscle and joint pain, headache, and fatigue; and a cluster of digestive symptoms with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. In people without prior ear, nose, or throat disorders, loss of taste combined with loss of smell is associated with COVID-19 and is reported in as many as 88% of symptomatic cases. (Full article)

About the spread

COVID-19 is mainly transmitted when people breathe in air contaminated by droplets/aerosols and small airborne particles containing the virus. Infected people exhale those particles as they breathe, talk, cough, sneeze, or sing. Transmission is more likely the more physically close people are. However, infection can occur over longer distances, particularly indoors.

Infectious particles range in size from aerosols that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time to larger droplets that remain airborne briefly or fall to the ground. Additionally, COVID-19 research has redefined the traditional understanding of how respiratory viruses are transmitted. The largest droplets of respiratory fluid do not travel far, but can be inhaled or land on mucous membranes on the eyes, nose, or mouth to infect. Aerosols are highest in concentration when people are in close proximity, which leads to easier viral transmission when people are physically close, but airborne transmission can occur at longer distances, mainly in locations that are poorly ventilated; in those conditions small particles can remain suspended in the air for minutes to hours. (Full article)

Containment measures

Goals of mitigation include delaying and reducing peak burden on healthcare (flattening the curve) and lessening overall cases and health impact.
Many countries attempted to slow or stop the spread of COVID-19 by recommending, mandating or prohibiting behaviour changes, while others relied primarily on providing information. Measures ranged from public advisories to stringent lockdowns. Outbreak control strategies are divided into elimination and mitigation. Experts differentiate between" zero-COVID", which is an elimination strategy, and mitigation strategies that attempt to lessen the effects of the virus on society, but which still tolerate some level of transmission within the community. Containment strategies consists of the use of public health measures such as contact tracing, mass testing, border quarantine, lockdowns and mitigation software.These strategies can be pursued sequentially or simultaneously during the acquired immunity phase through natural and vaccine-induced immunity.

Videos

Recent news

5 May 2023 – COVID-19 pandemic
The World Health Organization announces that it no longer considers COVID-19 to be a global health emergency, instead classifying it as global health threat. (ABC News)
10 March 2023 – Corruption in Malaysia
Former prime minister Muhyiddin Yassin is charged with corruption and abuse of power by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission over a COVID-19 subsidy programme. (CNA)

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Data maps

Economic impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching economic consequences including the COVID-19 recession, the second largest global recession in recent history, decreased business in the services sector during the COVID-19 lockdowns, the 2020 stock market crash, which included the largest single-week stock market decline since the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the impact of COVID-19 on financial markets, the 2021–2022 global supply chain crisis, the 2021–2022 inflation surge, shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic including the 2020–present global chip shortage, panic buying, and price gouging. It led to governments providing an unprecedented amount of stimulus. The pandemic was also a factor in the 2021–2022 global energy crisis and 2022 food crises.

Many fashion, sport, and technology events have been canceled or have changed to be online. While the monetary impact on the travel and trade industry is yet to be estimated, it is likely to be in the billions and increasing. (Full article)

Workplace

Hazard controls for COVID-19 in workplaces are the application of occupational safety and health methodologies for hazard controls to the prevention of COVID-19. Vaccination is the most effective way to protect against severe illness or death from COVID-19. Multiple layers of controls are recommended, including measures such as remote work and flextime, increased ventilation, personal protective equipment (PPE) and face coverings, social distancing, and enhanced cleaning programs. (Full article)

Misinformation

False information, including intentional disinformation and conspiracy theories, about the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic and the origin, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease has been spread through social media, text messaging, and mass media. False information has been propagated by celebrities, politicians, and other prominent public figures. Many countries have passed laws against "fake news", and thousands of people have been arrested for spreading COVID-19 misinformation. The spread of COVID-19 misinformation by governments has also been significant. (Full article)

Testing

COVID-19 testing involves analyzing samples to assess the current or past presence of SARS-CoV-2. The two main types of tests detect either the presence of the virus or antibodies produced in response to infection. Molecular tests for viral presence through its molecular components are used to diagnose individual cases and to allow public health authorities to trace and contain outbreaks. Antibody tests (serology immunoassays) instead show whether someone once had the disease. They are less useful for diagnosing current infections because antibodies may not develop for weeks after infection. It is used to assess disease prevalence, which aids the estimation of the infection fatality rate. (Full article)

Vaccine research

A COVID‑19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19).

The COVID‑19 vaccines are widely credited for their role in reducing the spread of COVID‑19 and reducing the severity and death caused by COVID‑19. According to a June 2022 study, COVID‑19 vaccines prevented an additional 14.4 to 19.8 million deaths in 185 countries and territories from 8 December 2020 to 8 December 2021. Many countries implemented phased distribution plans that prioritized those at highest risk of complications, such as the elderly, and those at high risk of exposure and transmission, such as healthcare workers. (Full article)

Drug research

COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop preventative therapeutic prescription drugs that would alleviate the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). From early 2020 through 2021, several hundred drug companies, biotechnology firms, university research groups, and health organizations were developing therapeutic candidates for COVID-19 disease in various stages of preclinical or clinical research (506 total candidates in April 2021), with 419 potential COVID-19 drugs in clinical trials, as of April 2021. (Full article)

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Get involved by joining WikiProject COVID-19. We discuss collaborations and all manner of issues on our talk page. As of 18 May 2023, there are 2,435 articles within the project's scope. A full list is available here.

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