RNA, ribosomal 3, also known as RNR3, is a human gene. It is a minor isoform of large subunit of ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase; the RNR complex catalyzes rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis, regulated by DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoint pathways via localization of small subunits; RNR3 has a paralog, RNR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication.
Further reading
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Nucleolus organizer regions are chromosomal regions crucial for the formation of the nucleolus, located on the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22
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Kern SE, Kinzler KW, Bruskin A, et al. (1991). "Identification of p53 as a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein". Science. 252 (5013): 1708–1711. Bibcode:1991Sci...252.1708K. doi:10.1126/science.2047879. PMID 2047879. S2CID 19647885.
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Gonzalez IL, Chambers C, Gorski JL, et al. (1990). "Sequence and structure correlation of human ribosomal transcribed spacers". J. Mol. Biol. 212 (1): 27–35. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(90)90302-3. PMID 2319598.
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Sylvester JE, Petersen R, Schmickel RD (1990). "Human ribosomal DNA: novel sequence organization in a 4.5-kb region upstream from the promoter". Gene. 84 (1): 193–196. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(89)90155-8. PMID 2606358.
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La Volpe A, Simeone A, D'Esposito M, et al. (1985). "Molecular analysis of the heterogeneity region of the human ribosomal spacer". J. Mol. Biol. 183 (2): 213–223. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(85)90214-1. PMID 2989541.
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Bartsch I, Schoneberg C, Grummt I (1987). "Evolutionary changes of sequences and factors that direct transcription termination of human and mouse ribsomal genes". Mol. Cell. Biol. 7 (7): 2521–2529. doi:10.1128/mcb.7.7.2521. PMC 365386. PMID 3649563.
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Haltiner MM, Smale ST, Tjian R (1987). "Two distinct promoter elements in the human rRNA gene identified by linker scanning mutagenesis". Mol. Cell. Biol. 6 (1): 227–235. doi:10.1128/mcb.6.1.227. PMC 367502. PMID 3785147.
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Gonzalez IL, Gorski JL, Campen TJ, et al. (1985). "Variation among human 28S ribosomal RNA genes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 (22): 7666–7670. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.7666G. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.22.7666. PMC 391394. PMID 3865188.
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McCallum FS, Maden BE (1986). "Human 18 S ribosomal RNA sequence inferred from DNA sequence. Variations in 18 S sequences and secondary modification patterns between vertebrates". Biochem. J. 232 (3): 725–733. doi:10.1042/bj2320725. PMC 1152944. PMID 4091818.
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Financsek I, Mizumoto K, Mishima Y, Muramatsu M (1982). "Human ribosomal RNA gene: nucleotide sequence of the transcription initiation region and comparison of three mammalian genes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79 (10): 3092–3096. Bibcode:1982PNAS...79.3092F. doi:10.1073/pnas.79.10.3092. PMC 346359. PMID 6954460.
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Gonzalez IL, Sylvester JE (1995). "Complete sequence of the 43-kb human ribosomal DNA repeat: analysis of the intergenic spacer". Genomics. 27 (2): 320–328. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1049. PMID 7557999.
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Gonzalez IL, Sylvester JE (2001). "Human rDNA: evolutionary patterns within the genes and tandem arrays derived from multiple chromosomes". Genomics. 73 (3): 255–263. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6540. PMID 11350117.
