Timeline of Minamata disease
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Main article: Minamata disease
The following is a timeline of key events related to Minamata disease:
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| 1908 | Nichitsu opens a chemical factory in Minamata |
| 1932 | Acetaldehyde production using a mercury catalyst begins |
| 1945 | Japan is defeated in World War II. The Allied occupying forces order the dismissal of Nichitsu |
| 1950 | Shin Nichitsu is founded as the successor to the old company |
| August 1951 | The co-catalysed was changed from manganese dioxide to ferric sulfide resulting in side production of methylmercury |
| 1956 | |
| 1 May | Company hospital director Hajime Hosokawa reports the discovery of Minamata disease |
| 24 August | Kumamoto University research group formed |
| 4 November | Kumamoto University research group reports initial suspicion of a heavy metal poisoning, presumably through eating contaminated fish |
| 1958 | |
| March | British neurologist Douglas McAlpine suggests that Minamata disease symptoms resemble those of organic mercury poisoning |
| September | Shin Nichitsu changes the acetaldehyde plant wastewater discharge route from Minamata Bay to Minamata River |
| 1959 | |
| February | Investigations of Minamata Bay uncover shocking mercury contamination |
| 29 August | Mediated compensation agreement between Chisso and the Minamata Fishing Cooperative for damage to fishing |
| 21 October | Shin Nichitsu changes the acetaldehyde plant wastewater discharge route back from Minamata River to Minamata Bay |
| 2 November | Members of the Kumamoto Prefectural Alliance of Fishing Cooperatives invade the Minamata factory and riot, causing damage amounting to JPY10 million |
| 12 November | The Ministry of Health and Welfare reports that "Minamata disease is a poisoning disease... caused by the consumption of large quantities of fish and shellfish living in Minamata Bay and its surroundings, the major causative agent being some sort of organic mercury compound." |
| 17 December | Mediated compensation agreement between Chisso and the Kumamoto Prefectural Alliance of Fishing Cooperatives for damage to fishing |
| 29 December | Mediated compensation agreement between Chisso and the Minamata Disease Patients Families Mutual Aid Society |
| 29 November 1962 | 18 children are certified as the first congenital Minamata disease victims |
| 1965 | |
| 1 January | Shin Nichitsu changes its name to the Chisso Corporation |
| 12 June | The outbreak of a second Minamata disease in Niigata Prefecture is made public |
| 1968 | |
| March | Niigata patients file a lawsuit against Showa Denko |
| 26 September | The national government issues an official conclusion as to the cause of Minamata disease and Niigata Minamata disease |
| 1969 | |
| 14 June | Litigation Group of the Mutual Aid Society files a lawsuit against Chisso in the Kumamoto District Court |
| 1970 | |
| 4 July | Hajime Hosokawa testifies from his deathbed about his cat experiments in the Litigation Group trial |
| 27 May | Arbitrated compensation agreement between Chisso and the Arbitration Group of the Mutual Aid Society |
| 1971 | |
| 29 September | Showa Denko found guilty of negligence; Niigata patients win compensation |
| 1972 | |
| 1973 | |
| 20 March | Chisso found guilty of negligence; Litigation Group patients win compensation |
| 1977 | A net is installed around Minamata Bay to prevent toxic sludge and fish from contaminating other areas |
| 1 September 1997 | The net surrounding Minamata Bay is removed and fish caught there are declared safe to eat |
| 15 October 2004 | The Supreme Court of Japan rules that the national government was responsible for not preventing the spread of Minamata disease after 1960 |
- "Minamata Disease: The History and Measures", The Ministry of the Environment, (2002), retrieved 17 January 2007
- "Minamata Disease Archives" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine by the National Institute for Minamata Disease, retrieved 29 October 2006
- Harada, Masazumi. (1972). Minamata Disease. Kumamoto Nichinichi Shinbun Centre & Information Center/Iwanami Shoten Publishers. ISBN 4-87755-171-9 C3036
- George, S. Timothy. (2001). Minamata: Pollution and the Struggle for Democracy in Postwar Japan. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00785-9
- Ui, Jun. (1992). Industrial Pollution in Japan. United Nations University Press. ISBN 92-808-0548-7. Chapter 4, section IV
- Smith, W. E. and Smith, A. M. (1975). Minamata. Chatto & Windus, Ltd. (London), ISBN 0-7011-2131-9
Further reading
- Oiwa, Keibo. (2001). Rowing the Eternal Sea: The Story of a Minamata Fisherman. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 0-7425-0021-7
- Steingraber, Sandra. (2001). Having Faith: An Ecologist Journey to Motherhood. Perseus Publishing. ISBN 0-425-18999-6
- Approaches to Water Pollution Control, Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture
- Allchin, Douglas. The Poisoning of Minamata
- Sung about in the Alt. group Bush's "Disease of the Dancing Cats"
- Referenced as background in the 1979 horror film Prophecy
- Saito, Hisashi. (2009). Niigata Minamata Disease: Methyl Mercury Poisoning in Niigata, Japan. Niigata Nippo.
- Walker, Brett. (2010) "Toxic Archipelago: A History of Industrial Disease in Japan." University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-98954-8
- Ishimure, Michiko (2003). Paradise in the Sea of Sorrow: Our Minimata Disease. Michigan Classics in Japanese Studies.
External links
- ATSDR - ToxFAQs: Mercury - Frequently asked questions about Mercury
- National Institute for Minamata Disease Archived 2014-04-12 at the Wayback Machine
- Minamata Disease: The History and Measures - The Ministry of the Environment's summary of Minamata disease
- Soshisha - The Supporting Center for Minamata Disease and the Minamata Disease Museum
- Aileen Archive - Copyright holder of W. Eugene Smith's Minamata photos
- Photograph by W. Eugene Smith - Tomoko Uemura in Her Bath, 1972
- Minamata disease - Chapter from Industrial Pollution in Japan by Dr Jun Ui
- Toxic Archipelago: Industrial Pollution in Japan - A talk by Brett Walker, September 16, 2010
- Minamata Timeline by Minamata City Council.