This is a compendium of poisonous fungi. See also mushroom poisoning.
List of toxic mushroom species
There are 118 poisonous fungus species listed below.
| Scientific name | Common name | Active agent | Distribution | Similar edible species | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agaricus californicus | California Agaricus | phenol and xanthodermin | North America | Edible Agaricus species |
|
| Agaricus hondensis | Felt-ringed Agaricus | phenol and xanthodermin | North America | Edible Agaricus species |
|
| Agaricus menieri | phenol and xanthodermin | Europe | Edible Agaricus species | ||
| Agaricus moelleri | Inky Mushroom | phenol and xanthodermin | Europe | Edible Agaricus species |
|
| Agaricus phaeolepidotus | phenol and xanthodermin | Europe | Edible Agaricus species | ||
| Agaricus placomyces | phenol and xanthodermin | North America and Europe | Edible Agaricus species |
|
|
| Agaricus xanthodermus | Yellow-staining mushroom | phenol and xanthodermin | worldwide | Edible Agaricus species |
|
| Amanita abrupta | American abrupt-bulbed Lepidella | L-2-amino-4-pentynoic acid and 2-Amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid | North America | Edible Agaricus species |
|
| Amanita aprica | Sunshine amanita | muscarine and ibotenic acid (maybe not muscarine but muscimol) | North America |
|
|
| Amanita bisporigera | Death angel | Eastern United States | |||
| Amanita boudieri | Boudier's lepidella | A. smithiana toxin | Europe | Edible Agaricus species |
|
| Amanita chlorinosma | Chlorine Lepidella | Eastern United States | |||
| Amanita citrina | False Death Cap | bufotenin | Europe and North America |
|
|
| Amanita cokeri | Coker's amanita | 2-amino-3-cyclopropylbutanoic acid and 2-amino-5-chloro-4-pentenoic acid | North America |
Amanita vittadinii
Edible Agaricus species |
|
| Amanita cothurnata | Booted amanita | muscimol and ibotenic acid | North America |
|
|
| Amanita echinocephala | European solitary amanita | A. smithiana toxin | Europe, Western Asia and North Africa |
Amanita vittadinii
Edible Agaricus species |
|
| Amanita farinosa | Powdery Amanita | unknown | North America |
|
|
| Amanita flavorubescens | unknown | North America | Amanita rubescens | ||
| Amanita gemmata | Gemmed Amanita | muscimol and ibotenic acid | Europe, North Africa, Asia and North America |
|
|
| Amanita gioiosa | Pebbly Soil Amanita | unknown (probably muscimol and ibotenic acid) | Europe and North Africa |
|
|
| Amanita gracilior | European Slender Lepidella | A. smithiana toxin | Europe | ||
| Amanita heterochroma | Eucalyptus fly agaric | unknown (probably muscimol and ibotenic acid) | Europe and North Africa | Amanita caesarea | |
| Amanita hongoi | Hongo's Amanita | unknown | Japan | ||
| Amanita ibotengutake | Japanese ringed-bulbed Amanita | muscimol and ibotenic acid | Japan | ||
| Amanita muscaria | Fly agaric | muscimol and ibotenic acid | Worldwide | Amanita caesarea |
|
| Amanita neoovoidea | East Asian egg amidella | 2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid | East Asia | Amanita ovoidea |
|
| Amanita pantherina | Panther cap | muscimol and ibotenic acid | Europe, North Africa, Eastern Asia
(a similar American species exist but is not published yet) |
Amanita rubescens |
|
| Amanita porphyria | Grey veiled Amanita | unknown (probably bufotenin) | North America and Europe |
|
|
| Amanita pseudoporphyria | Hongo's false death cap | 2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid | Asia |
|
|
| Amanita pseudoregalis | False royal fly agaric | unknown (probably muscimol and ibotenic acid) | Europe | Amanita rubescens | |
| Amanita pseudorubescens | False blusher | unknown | Europe | Amanita rubescens | |
| Amanita regalis | Royal fly agaric | muscimol and ibotenic acid | Europe and Alaska | Amanita rubescens |
|
| Amanita smithiana | Smith's Amanita | A. smithiana toxin and 2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid | North America |
|
|
| Ampulloclitocybe clavipes | Club-footed clitocybe | unknown | North America and Europe | Infundibulicybe geotropa |
|
| Clathrus ruber | |||||
| Chlorophyllum molybdites | Green-spored parasol | unknown | worldwide (very rare in Europe) | Chlorophyllum rhacodes |
|
| Clitocybe cerussata | muscarine | Europe | Clitopilus prunulus | ||
| Clitocybe dealbata | Ivory Funnel | muscarine | Europe | Clitopilus prunulus |
|
| Coprinopsis alopecia | coprine | Europe | |||
| Coprinopsis atramentaria | Common ink cap | coprine | North America, Europe, Asia and Australia |
|
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| Coprinopsis romagnesiana | Scaly ink cap | coprine | Europe |
|
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| Cortinarius bolaris | unknown | Europe |
|
||
| Cortinarius callisteus | Tawny Webcap | unknown | Europe | Cantharellus spp. | |
| Cortinarius cinnabarinus | unknown | Europe | Laccaria laccata |
|
|
| Cortinarius cinnamomeofulvus | unknown | Europe | Craterellus tubaeformis | ||
| Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus | unknown | Europe | Craterellus tubaeformis |
|
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| Cortinarius cinnamomeus | Cinnamon webcap | unknown | North America and Europe | Craterellus tubaeformis |
|
| Cortinarius cruentus | unknown | Europe | |||
| Cortinarius gentilis | unknown | Europe | Cantharellus spp. |
|
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| Cortinarius limonius | unknown | North America and Europe | Cantharellus spp. |
|
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| Cortinarius malicorius | unknown | Europe | Craterellus tubaeformis |
|
|
| Cortinarius mirandus | unknown | Europe |
|
||
| Cortinarius palustris | unknown | Europe | Craterellus tubaeformis | ||
| Cortinarius phoeniceus | unknown | Europe |
|
||
| Cortinarius rubicundulus | unknown | North America and Europe | Cantharellus spp. |
|
|
| Cortinarius smithii | Smith's Cortinarius | unknown | North America |
|
|
| Cudonia circinans | gyromitrin and monomethylhydrazine | North America, Europe and Asia |
Morchella spp.
Cantharellus spp. |
|
|
| Gyromitra perlata | Pig's ears | gyromitrin and monomethylhydrazine | North America and Europe | Disciotis venosa |
|
| Echinoderma asperum | Freckled dapperling | unknown | North America Europe, Asia and Oceania | Macrolepiota procera |
|
| Echinoderma calcicola | unknown | Europe | Macrolepiota procera | ||
| Entoloma albidum | unknown | North America | Calocybe gambosa | ||
| Entoloma rhodopolium | Wood pinkgill | unknown | Europe and Asia | Entoloma sarcopum |
|
| Entoloma sinuatum | Livid Entoloma | unknown | North America, Europe and Asia | Calocybe gambosa |
|
| Hebeloma crustuliniforme | Poison pie | unknown | North America, Europe and Australia | Calocybe gambosa |
|
| Hebeloma sinapizans | Rough-stalked hebeloma | unknown | North America and Europe | Calocybe gambosa |
|
| Helvella crispa | Elfin saddle | unknown | Europe |
|
|
| Helvella dryophila | Oak-loving elfin saddle | unknown | North America | Morchella spp. |
|
| Helvella lactea | unknown | North America and Europe |
|
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| Helvella lacunosa | Slate grey saddle | unknown | worldwide | Morchella spp. |
|
| Helvella vespertina | Western black elfin saddle | unknown | North America | Morchella spp. |
|
| Hapalopilus nidulans | Tender nesting polypore | polyporic acid | worldwide (except South America) | Fistulina hepatica |
|
| Hypholoma fasciculare | Sulphur tuft | fasciculol E and fasciculol F | worldwide | Hypholoma capnoides |
|
| Hypholoma lateritium | Brick cap | fasciculol B & fasciculol C | North America, Europe and Asia | Hypholoma capnoides |
|
| Hypholoma marginatum | unknown | Europe | Hypholoma capnoides |
|
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| Hypholoma radicosum | unknown | Europe | Hypholoma capnoides |
|
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| Imperator rhodopurpureus | unknown | Europe | Neoboletus erythropus |
|
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| Imperator torosus | Brawny Bolete | unknown | Europe | Neoboletus erythropus |
|
| Inocybe fibrosa | muscarine | Europe | Tricholoma columbetta |
|
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| Inocybe geophylla | Earthy inocybe | muscarine | North America and Europe | Clitopilus prunulus |
|
| Inocybe hystrix | muscarine | North, Central America and Europe |
|
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| Inocybe lacera | Torn fibercap | muscarine | North America and Europe |
|
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| Inocybe lilacina | muscarine | North America | Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis |
|
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| Inocybe sublilacina | muscarine | North America, Europe | Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis |
|
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| Inocybe rimosa | Straw-Colored Fiber Head | muscarine | Europe and Asia | Marasmius oreades |
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| Inocybe sambucina | muscarine | Europe | Tricholoma columbetta | ||
| Lactarius torminosus | Woolly milkcap | velleral | North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa | Lactarius deliciosus |
|
| Leucocoprinus birnbaumii | Flowerpot Parasol | Eastern United States | |||
| Mycena diosma | unknown (probably puraquinonic acid) | Europe | Laccaria amethystina |
|
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| Mycena pelianthina | Blackedge Bonnet | Norway | |||
| Mycena pura | Lilac bonnet | puraquinonic acid and psilocybin | Europe | Laccaria amethystina |
|
| Mycena rosea | Rosy bonnet | unknown (probably puraquinonic acid) | Europe | Laccaria amethystina |
|
| Neonothopanus nambi | unknown | South America | |||
| Panaeolus cinctulus | banded mottlegill | psilocybin and psilocin | North America, Europe, Africa and Australia | Marasmius oreades |
|
| Psilocybe semilanceata | Liberty cap | psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin | America, Europe, Asia and Oceania |
|
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| Omphalotus illudens | Jack-O'lantern mushroom | illudin S, illudin M, and muscarine | North America and Europe | Cantharellus spp. |
|
| Omphalotus japonicus | Tsukiyotake | illudin S and illudin M | Asia | Pleurotus ostreatus |
|
| Omphalotus nidiformis | Ghost fungus | illudin S, illudin M, and illudosin | Oceania and India | Pleurotus ostreatus |
|
| Omphalotus olearius | Jack-O'lantern mushroom | illudin S | Europe | Cantharellus spp. |
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| Omphalotus olivascens | Western jack-o'-lantern mushroom | illudin S | America | Cantharellus spp. |
|
| Paralepistopsis acromelalga | acromelic acid | Japan | Paralepista flaccida | ||
| Paralepistopsis amoenolens | Paralysis funnel | acromelic acid | North Africa and Europe | Paralepista flaccida | |
| Pholiotina rugosa | amatoxins | North America, Europe and Asia |
|
||
| Ramaria formosa | Beautiful clavaria | unknown | North America, Europe and Asia | Ramaria botrytis |
|
| Ramaria neoformosa | unknown | Europe | Ramaria botrytis |
|
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| Ramaria pallida | unknown | North America and Europe | Ramaria botrytis |
|
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| Rubroboletus legaliae | Le Gal's bolete | unknown (probably boletasine and muscarine) | Europe | Neoboletus erythropus |
|
| Rubroboletus lupinus | Wolves bolete | unknown (probably boletasine and muscarine) | Europe | Neoboletus erythropus |
|
| Rubroboletus pulcherrimus | unknown | North America | Neoboletus erythropus |
|
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| Rubroboletus satanas | Satan's bolete | boletasine and muscarine | Europe | Neoboletus erythropus |
|
| Russula emetica | The sickener | lactarorufin A, methoxyfuranalcohol, and R. emetica unnamed compound | North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia | Russula aurea |
|
| Russula subnigricans | unknown | ||||
| Sarcosphaera coronaria | Pink crown | North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia |
|
||
| Tricholoma equestre | Yellow knight | unknown | Europe |
|
|
| Tricholoma pardinum | Tiger tricholoma | unknown | North America, Europe and Asia | Tricholoma terreum |
|
| Tricholoma muscarium | tricholomic acid and ibotenic acid | Japan | |||
| Trogia venenata | Little white mushroom | unknown | China | ||
| Turbinellus floccosus | Woolly false chanterelle | norcaperatic acid | North America and Eastern Asia |
Gomphus clavatus
Cantharellus spp. |
|
| Turbinellus kauffmanii | norcaperatic acid | North America |
Gomphus clavatus
Cantharellus spp. |
|
List of suspicious mushroom species
| Scientific name | Common name | Distribution | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agrocybe arenicola | Europe | ||
| Amanita albocreata | Ringless panther | North America |
|
| Amanita altipes | Yellow long-stem Amanita | China | |
| Amanita breckonii | North America |
|
|
| Amanita ceciliae | Snakeskin grisette | North America and Europe |
|
| Amanita eliae | Fries's Amanita | Europe and North Africa |
|
| Amanita flavoconia | Yellow-dust Amanita | North America |
|
| Amanita frostiana | Frost's Amanita | North America |
 |
| Amanita nehuta | Mahori dust Amanita | New Zealand |
|
| Amanita parcivolvata | Ringless False Fly Amanita | America |
|
| Amanita parvipantherina | Asian Small Panther Amanita | China | |
| Amanita petalinivolva | South America | ||
| Amanita roseotincta | North America |
|
|
| Amanita rubrovolvata | Red volva Amanita | Asia |
|
| Amanita subfrostiana | False Frost's Amanita | China | |
| Amanita velatipes | Veiled-Bulb Amanita | North America |
|
| Amanita viscidolutea | South America | ||
| Amanita wellsii | Wells's Amanita | North America |
|
| Amanita xanthocephala | Vermilion grisette | Australia |
|
| Armillaria mellea | Honey fungus | North America, Europe, Northern Asia and Australia |
|
| Calocera viscosa | Yellow stagshorn | North America, Europe and Asia |
|
| Chlorophyllum brunneum | Shaggy parasol | North America, Europe, Australia and Southern Africa |
|
| Choiromyces venosus | Europe | ||
| Clitocybe fragrans | Europe |
|
|
| Clitocybe nebularis | Clouded agaric | North America and Europe |
|
| Conocybe subovalis | Europe |
|
|
| Coprinellus micaceus | Mica cap | worldwide |
|
| Lactarius chrysorrheus | Yellowdrop milkcap | North America, Europe and North Africa |
|
| Lactarius helvus | Fenugreek milkcap | Europe and Asia |
|
| Lepiota cristata | Stinking dapperling | North America, Europe, Northern Africa, Northern Asia and New Zealand |
|
| Marasmius collinus | Europe | ||
| Russula olivacea | North America, Europe and Asia |
|
|
| Russula viscida | Europe |
|
|
| Schizophyllum commune | worldwide |
|
|
| Scleroderma citrinum | common earthball | North America, Europe and Asia |
|
| Stropharia aeruginosa | Verdigris agaric | North America and Europe |
|
| Suillus granulatus | Weeping bolete | worldwide |
|
| Tricholoma sulphureum | Gas agaric | Europe and North America |
|
See also
- List of deadly fungi
- List of poisonous animals
- List of poisonous plants
- Mushroom poisoning
- Mycotoxicology
- Mycotoxin
External links
-
Media related to Poisonous fungi at Wikimedia Commons
